
Concept explainers
i)
Interpretation: by using
Concept introduction:Mean(x-bar) charts:
X bar charts is a type of statistical process control chart which measures a central a shift in the central tendency of the process. In other words, X- bar charts monitor the mean or average of a product characteristics. The central line of the X-bar chart is the average of the samples and limits are defined as
Upper control limit
Lower control limit
(
Abbreviations:
R chart:
R-chart or range-chart is also a type of statistical process control chart, but it monitors the range of dispersion or variability of process. The central line of the r- chart is the average range and limits are:
(
The data corresponding to sampling of the given firm is given below
Mean of the diameter
Average range
Control limits are
ii)
Interpretation: by using
Concept introduction:a process is said to be out control if one or more data points fall outside the control limits.
iii)
Interpretation: determine what trade off would consider by using result of a and b.
Concept introduction: trade off is a situational decision that involves diminishing or losing one quality, quantity or design in return for gains in other aspects

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Chapter 3 Solutions
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