Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781119329398
Author: Gerard J Tortora, Bryan Derrickson
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc
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Chapter 3, Problem 10CP
Summary Introduction
To review:
The definition of osmotic pressure.
Introduction:
The osmosis is described as the spontaneous movement of the solvent molecules from the region having lower concentration of solute to the region having higher concentration of solute (towards more concentrated solution) through the semipermeable membrane.
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1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine:
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
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2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
Ch. 3 - Prob. 1CPCh. 3 - Checkpoint 2:
How do hydrophobic and hydrophilic...Ch. 3 - What substances can and cannot diffuse through the...Ch. 3 - “The proteins present in a plasma membrane...Ch. 3 - Checkpoint 5:
How does cholesterol affect membrane...Ch. 3 - Checkpoint 6:
Why are membranes said to have...Ch. 3 - Checkpoint 7:
What factors contribute to an...Ch. 3 - Checkpoint 8:
What factors can increase the rate...Ch. 3 - Checkpoint 9:
How does simple diffusion compare...Ch. 3 - Prob. 10CP
Ch. 3 - Distinguish among isotonic, hypotonic, and...Ch. 3 - What is the key difference between passive and...Ch. 3 - Checkpoint 13:
How do symporters and antiporters...Ch. 3 - What are the sources of cellular energy for active...Ch. 3 - Checkpoint 15:
In what ways are endocytosis and...Ch. 3 - What are some of the chemicals present in cytosol?Ch. 3 - What is the function of cytosol?Ch. 3 - Define an organelle.Ch. 3 - Which organelles are surrounded by a membrane and...Ch. 3 - Checkpoint 20:
Which organelles contribute to...Ch. 3 - Checkpoint 21:
What happens on the cristae and in...Ch. 3 - Checkpoint 22:
How do large particles enter and...Ch. 3 - Where are ribosomes produced?Ch. 3 - Checkpoint 24:
How is DNA packed in the...Ch. 3 - Checkpoint 25:
What is meant by the term gene...Ch. 3 - What is the difference between transcription and...Ch. 3 - Distinguish between somatic and reproductive cell...Ch. 3 - What is the significance of interphase?Ch. 3 - Outline the major events of each stage of the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 30CPCh. 3 - How are haploid and diploid cells different?Ch. 3 - What axe homologous chromosomes?Ch. 3 - Prob. 33CPCh. 3 - What is one reason that some tissues become...Ch. 3 - CTQ 1: Mucin is a protein present in saliva and...Ch. 3 - CTQ 2: Sam does not consume alcohol, whereas his...Ch. 3 - CTQ 3: Marathon runners can become dehydrated due...
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