Concept explainers
To review:
The statement that without
Introduction:
The fungi are the eukaryotic organisms that include microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, and mushrooms. It digests food externally and absorbs nutrients from its cell walls. Most fungi contain filamentous structure hyphae for absorptive mode of nutrition and reproduce by spores. Fungi are heterotrophic organisms that obtain their carbon and energy sources from other organisms. The release of the carbon dioxide helps in the maintenance of the carbon dioxide level in the environment.
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Biological Science, Loose-leaf Edition (7th Edition)
- A biologist is trying to classify an organism on the basis of the fact that they undergo sexual reproduction resulting through the formation of a sporangia that is protected by a thick coating. If you were asked for advice, to which group would you assign this new species? Glomeromycota Zygomycota Deuteromycota Basidiomycota Ascomycotaarrow_forwardA student is using a Venn Diagram to communicate understanding of the similarities and differences between fungi and animals. The student placed key characteristics in each circle and classmates are asked to review the work. A-You should remove ‘has a cell wall’ because neither fungi nor animals have a cell wall. B- You need to move the term heterotroph to the ‘animals’ circle because fungi can be heterotrophic or autotrophic.” C-“You have all of the information correct.” D- All animals only reproduce sexually so you need to move ‘may reproduce sexually or asexually ‘to fungi only.arrow_forwardGreen algae are believed to be the ancestors of the bryophyte. Cite four distinct lines of evidence to support this belief.arrow_forward
- In the early 1800s, potatoes became the main food staple for the people of Ireland. In 1845, a fungus native to South America, Phytophthora infestans, began to infect potato plants, causing potato blight and making the tubers inedible. Over the next several years, most of the potato plants in the country were destroyed by this invasive species. Which of the following statements correctly explains why the Irish potato famine occurred? The arrival of ships from South America led to human introduction of the disease. A drought across Ireland in 1844 led to more damaged potato plants that were susceptible to infection. An increase in trade with other European countries led to the introduction of plants that were already infected with the fungus. Ireland's climate became closer to that of South America, which allowed the fungus to infect potato plants and reproduce.arrow_forwardThe fungus Botrytis cinerea is a pathogen of plants, and causes high losses of strawberry crops around the world. In Europe, most B. cinerea fungi are killed by fungicides (chemicals sprayed on the crops to kill the fungus). However, some B. cinerea are resistant, and continue to live even when exposed to fungicides. If the currently-used fungicides continue to be sprayed on strawberry crops in Europe, what is expected to happen? (Choose one.) a)The strawberries will eventually become larger and more resistant to fungicides. b)The strawberries will form a beneficial association (mutualism) with the B. cinerea, and both will be resistant to the fungicides. c)Strawberry plants will preferentially be colonized by B. cinerea that are not resistant to fungicides. d) The proportion of B. cinerea that are resistant to fungicides will increase in the population over time, and these fungicides will no longer be effective at killing most of these fungi.arrow_forwardWhich of the following explains why pea plants in high soil nitrogen conditions have so few rhizobial nodules on their roots? When there is already high soil nitrogen there is a very large cost to having rhizobial nodules. The rhizobia bacteria in the nodules fix nitrogen when there isn't enough in the soil, so when there is already high soil nitrogen there is no advantage for the pea plant to expend the extra energy housing the rhizobia. The rhizobia bacteria in the nodules use nitrogen when there isn't enough in the soil, so in conditions of high soil nitrogen the plant tries to exclude the rhizobia to keep the nitrogen for itself. When there is already high soil nitrogen there is no benefit to the plant to having rhizobial nodules, which can rob the plant of the high nitrogen supplies so that the rhizobia bacteria do not have to fix the nitrogen themselves.arrow_forward
- Ecologists often attempt to introduce new plants to restore degraded land. In an arid climate, scientists recommend introducing plants with arbuscular mycorrhizae. How would the mycorrhizae increase the plants’ survival compared to plants without mycorrhizae?arrow_forwardExplain at least three important roles for fungi growing in a temperate deciduous forest. What would happen if all the fungi in these forests went extinct? Explain, in detail, why ferns are better adapted for life on land than mosses. Explain how the structure of hyphae (and a mycelium) relates to the function of these cells.arrow_forwardThe picture below is of a moss growing on my roof. It shows both the gametophyte and the sporophyte phases of the life cycle. Make a sketch and label which part of the moss is the gametophyte and which is the sporophyte. (Alternatively, you can find a live moss with both phases and take a picture, label it and upload here.) Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt v | B Paragraph v A v -.pdf へarrow_forward
- The greatest difference in health between two groups of plantsof the same species, one group with mycorrhizae and one groupwithout mycorrhizae, would be in an environment(A) where nitrogen-fixing bacteria are abundant.(B) that has soil with poor drainage.(C) that has hot summers and cold winters.(D) in which the soil is relatively deficient in mineral nutrientsarrow_forwardThe Irish potato famine was an important historical event that occurred in the 1840’s. The Irish were generally low income, and relied entirely on a particular variety of potato, known as "lumpers”. This strain of potato was susceptible to a rot caused by Phytophthora infestans. This led to wide-spread potato spoilage, which devastated the food supply, and ultimately caused many deaths. What would have been an effective strategy to avoid the Irish potato famine? Plant a more diverse mix of potatoes. Use antibiotics on the potatoes to protect from the rot. Expand cropland to increase the total number of potatoes grown. Use fertilizers, crop rotation, and irrigation to improve potatoes crop yields.arrow_forwardThe following figure depicts the outline of a large fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The fairy ring represents the furthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. Locations A-D are all 0.5 metres below the soil surface. Which type of organisms made this structure (it wasn't a fairy!)? What is mycelium? Explain in one sentence each. Which location (A-D) most likely indicates the oldest part of this organism? Explain in 1-2 sentences.arrow_forward
- Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning