MICROBIOLOGY-MASTERING MICRO.-ACCESS
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780321802705
Author: Tortora
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 28, Problem 7R
The manufacture of paper includes the use of bleach and formaldehyde-based glue. The microbial enzyme xylanase whitens paper by digesting dark lignins. Oxidase causes the fibers to stick together, and cellulase will remove ink. List three advantages of using these microbial enzymes over traditional chemical methods for making paper.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
After quick-characterization by staining, specialized growth media can be used to indicate further biochemical characteristics of an unknown organism. These tests use visual outcomes, such as colors, patterns, and changes in appearance. The results can be interpreted to then assign a characteristic to the unknown organism. For example, a color change may happen when an unknown organism is incubated in a mixed sugar broth. The color could indicate which sugar was (or was not) used by the bacterium for energy.
a) explain in your own words how to perform specialized media tests to find an unknown bacteria
During the fall 2001 bioterrorist attack in which anthrax endospores were sent through the mail, one news commentator suggested that people should iron all their incoming mail with a regular household iron as a means of destroying endospores. Would you agree that this is a good way to disinfect mail? Explain your answer. Which disinfectant methods would be both more effective and more practical?
Which of the following cannot be grown in artificial media and must be grown in live
animals or cells instead?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhea
Lactococcus lactis, a lactic acid bacterium used to produce cheddar cheese
Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium sometimes found in human nares (nostrils)
Staphylococcus epidermidis, a bacterium routinely found on human skin
Escherichia coli, a bacterium common in mammalian intestines
21
Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis
Chapter 28 Solutions
MICROBIOLOGY-MASTERING MICRO.-ACCESS
Ch. 28 - What is industrial microbiology? Why is it...Ch. 28 - How does commercial sterilization differ from...Ch. 28 - Why is a can of blackberries preserved by...Ch. 28 - Outline the steps in the production of cheese, and...Ch. 28 - Beer is made with water, malt, and yeast; hops are...Ch. 28 - Why is a bioreactor better than a large flask for...Ch. 28 - The manufacture of paper includes the use of...Ch. 28 - Describe an example of bioconversion. What...Ch. 28 - Prob. 9RCh. 28 - NAME IT Van Leeuwenhoek was the first to see this...
Ch. 28 - Which bacteria seem to be most frequently used in...Ch. 28 - Methylophilus methylotrophus can convert methane...Ch. 28 - Faded worn-look denim is produced with cellulase....Ch. 28 - Foods packed in plastic for microwaving are a....Ch. 28 - Acetobacter is necessary for only one of the steps...Ch. 28 - Use the following choices to answer questions 35:...Ch. 28 - The spoilage of canned foods caused by Geobacillus...Ch. 28 - A heat-resistant fungus that causes spoilage in...Ch. 28 - The term 12D treatment refers to a. heat treatment...Ch. 28 - Which one of the following is not a fuel produced...Ch. 28 - Which type of radiation is used to preserve foods?...Ch. 28 - Which of the following reactions is undesirable in...Ch. 28 - Which of the following reactions is an oxidation...Ch. 28 - Suppose you are culturing a microorganism that...Ch. 28 - Researchers at the CDC inoculated apple cider with...Ch. 28 - The antibiotic efrotomycin is produced by...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Identify me theme or themes exemplified by (a) the sharp quills of a porcupine (b) the development of a multice...
Campbell Biology in Focus
WHAT IF? As a cell begins the process of dividing, its chromosomes become shorter, thicker, and individually vi...
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Relative thickness of the myocardium in different chambers; the functional significance of those differences; a...
Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
How does trandlation differ from transcription?
Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
Police Captain Jeffers has suffered a myocardial infarction. a. Explain to his (nonmedically oriented) family w...
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Describe Mendels conclusions about how traits are passed from generation to generation.
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A microbiologist has isolated a new strain of bacteria, and is trying to characterize aspects of its growth. Three flasks of the same media have different amounts of NaCl added. Other growth conditions are identical, and the flasks inoculated at the same time. At regular intervals over a 3 hour period, culture samples are taken and turbidity is measured. Here are the absorbance values over time in a table and graphed. Absorbance (OD600) Time (min) 20% NaCl 3% NaCl 0% NaCl 0 0.05 0.05 0.05 30 0.06 0.05 0.05 60 0.075 0.06 0.05 90 0.11 0.07 0.049 120 0.25 0.1 0.048 150 0.5 0.105 0.055 180 0.7 0.11 0.055 210 0.99 0.15 0.06 240 1.22 0.18 0.055 270 1.35 0.19 0.06 300 1.5 0.2 0.06 330 1.6 0.25 0.062 360 1.7 0.3 0.06 Based on these data, which of the following can be determined about this bacterium? It is psychrophilic. It…arrow_forwardIf lysozyme is added to a microbial culture. Predict what will be observed if the culture is affected by the action of lysozyme. A change in color will be visible in the tube. An increase in absorbance will be observed over time. A decrease in absorbance will be observed over time. An increase in turbidity will be observed over time.arrow_forwardIn the laboratory, autoclaving is required to prepare media for the growth of microorganism. What type of method of control does this involve? Dry Heat Moist Heat Chemical Radiation All of the optionsarrow_forward
- A sample must contain many microbial cells for any to be seen by microscopic examination. Why?arrow_forwardHow to isolate collagen from fish skin in the laboratory? Please write down each step in detail. Which chemicals are used and how much used. Why are they used, write them in detail. the main steps are as follows Washing and cutting of raw material Chemical pretreatment Extraction Precipitation Freeze-dryingarrow_forwardMicrobes are exposed to a wide variety of environmental factors that affect growth and survival. By giving two (2) examples, discuss how the microbial survival in various environmental conditions has been used to understand its ability to make flavorful and long shelf-life type of foods.arrow_forward
- Define agar.arrow_forwardSalmonella-Shigella (SS) agar plate results (kitchen sink drain and kitchen dish cloth) Using the following information about SS agar and the image below, describe and identify the growth on the SS agar plate in the table on page 6. SS agar plate - results of kitchen sink drain and kitchen dish cloth (plate below) Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar: Salmonella-Shigella agar (SS agar) is a selective and differential medium utilized for the selection and characterization pathogenic enteric bacteria. SS agar contains lactose, bile salts, ferric citrate, and neutral red. Kitchen The bile salts select for Gram-negative bacteria, while inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria. sink drain The other components differentiate among Gram-negative bacteria. Coliform bacteria such as E. coli will ferment the lactose in the media, resulting in bacterial growth with a pink color. (They do not produce any hydrogen sulfide.) Members of the genus Salmonella will not ferment lactose, but do product hydrogen sulfide…arrow_forwardWhat statement correctly explains why moist-heat is more effective than dry-heat for sterilization purposes? The microbe's molecules are resistant to alteration in the absence of water. Dry heat will always be a lower temperature than moist heat. Dry heat dehydrates the microbes, and dehydration is a method of preserving microbes. Water is a good conductor of heat.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is/are true regarding the acid-fast stain? (There may be more than one correct answer.) Non-acid-fast microbes appear blue in a completed acid-fast stain. O Acid-fast cells retain the primary dye after treatment with acid-alcohol. O It is used to identify members of the genus Mycobacterium. V Acid-fast cells appear bright pink/red in a completed acid-fast stain. O If cells are acid-fast, they are gram-negative.arrow_forwardAs part of an experiment where absorbance values are measured using a spectrophotometer, you are taking readings of your sample every 20 minutes. The non-motile microbe you're testing has a generation time of roughly 20 minutes at an incubation temperature right around room temperature. Things start out fine, with the expected results — as time goes by at the correct incubation temperature, absorbance starts to rise as the medium starts to become more cloudy with growing microorganisms. But roughly 2 hours into the process, you notice that the absorbance levels flatten out, and then start to decrease unexpectedly. What is most likely taking place in your experiment?arrow_forwardDescribe how each of the following would appear when grown on EMB agar: a. Escherichia coli b. Pseudomonas aeruginosarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Essentials of Pharmacology for Health ProfessionsNursingISBN:9781305441620Author:WOODROWPublisher:Cengage
Essentials of Pharmacology for Health Professions
Nursing
ISBN:9781305441620
Author:WOODROW
Publisher:Cengage
cell culture and growth media for Microbiology; Author: Scientist Cindy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EjnQ3peWRek;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY