(a) Interpretation: Anticipating the isolation of the potentially aromatic hydrocarbon B , a group of chemists irradiated compound A with ultraviolet light. Compound C was obtained as a product instead of B . The reason for compound B might be expected to be unstable in spite of its cyclic array of 4n+2 π electrons is to be stated. Concept introduction: The stability of aromatic compounds is high due to their stabilization energy. In order to retain their aromaticity (resultant stabilization energy) aromatic compounds undergo substitution reaction more readily. Aromaticity in compounds is considered only the system having 4n+2 π electrons, planar, cyclic, and should have conjugated π-electrons.

Question

(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 28, Problem 28.53AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Anticipating the isolation of the potentially aromatic hydrocarbon B, a group of chemists irradiated compound A with ultraviolet light. Compound C was obtained as a product instead of B.

The reason for compound B might be expected to be unstable in spite of its cyclic array of 4n+2 π electrons is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The stability of aromatic compounds is high due to their stabilization energy. In order to retain their aromaticity (resultant stabilization energy) aromatic compounds undergo substitution reaction more readily. Aromaticity in compounds is considered only the system having 4n+2 π electrons, planar, cyclic, and should have conjugated π-electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The formation of compound B is allowed by the pericyclic selection rules is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions deal with electrons shift in a concerted manner. Moreover, in these reactions the breaking of reactant bonds and the formation of product bonds are formed at the same time.i.e., without the formation of intermediates. The word ‘pericyclic’ means around the cycle. Notably, the pericyclic reactions are classified as electrocyclic, cycloaddition and sigmatropic reactions based on the activation of reaction, the number of electrons involved and the stereochemistry outcome of the reactions. The selection rules of pericyclic reaction deal mostly on the rates of reaction and does not tell anything about position of equilibrium and equilibrium constant values.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The formation of the observed product C is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions deal with electrons shift in a concerted manner. Moreover, in these reactions the breaking of reactant bonds and the formation of product bonds are formed at the same time.i.e., without the formation of intermediates. The selection rules of pericyclic reaction deal mostly on the rates of reaction and does not tell anything about position of equilibrium and equilibrium constant values.

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(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

fcrip = ↓ bandwidth Il temp 32. What impact (increase, decrease, or no change) does each of the following conditions have on the individual components of the van Deemter equation and consequently, band broadening? Increase temperature Longer column Using a gas mobile phase instead of liquid Smaller particle stationary phase Multiple Paths Diffusion Mass Transfer

34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.). A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth. B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer. Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles. 35 20 H(um) 큰 20 15 90 0+ 1500 100 75 550 01 02 594 05 μ(cm/sec) 30 15 10

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 28, Problem 28.53AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Anticipating the isolation of the potentially aromatic hydrocarbon B, a group of chemists irradiated compound A with ultraviolet light. Compound C was obtained as a product instead of B.

The reason for compound B might be expected to be unstable in spite of its cyclic array of 4n+2 π electrons is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The stability of aromatic compounds is high due to their stabilization energy. In order to retain their aromaticity (resultant stabilization energy) aromatic compounds undergo substitution reaction more readily. Aromaticity in compounds is considered only the system having 4n+2 π electrons, planar, cyclic, and should have conjugated π-electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The formation of compound B is allowed by the pericyclic selection rules is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions deal with electrons shift in a concerted manner. Moreover, in these reactions the breaking of reactant bonds and the formation of product bonds are formed at the same time.i.e., without the formation of intermediates. The word ‘pericyclic’ means around the cycle. Notably, the pericyclic reactions are classified as electrocyclic, cycloaddition and sigmatropic reactions based on the activation of reaction, the number of electrons involved and the stereochemistry outcome of the reactions. The selection rules of pericyclic reaction deal mostly on the rates of reaction and does not tell anything about position of equilibrium and equilibrium constant values.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The formation of the observed product C is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions deal with electrons shift in a concerted manner. Moreover, in these reactions the breaking of reactant bonds and the formation of product bonds are formed at the same time.i.e., without the formation of intermediates. The selection rules of pericyclic reaction deal mostly on the rates of reaction and does not tell anything about position of equilibrium and equilibrium constant values.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 28, Problem 28.53AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Anticipating the isolation of the potentially aromatic hydrocarbon B, a group of chemists irradiated compound A with ultraviolet light. Compound C was obtained as a product instead of B.

The reason for compound B might be expected to be unstable in spite of its cyclic array of 4n+2 π electrons is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The stability of aromatic compounds is high due to their stabilization energy. In order to retain their aromaticity (resultant stabilization energy) aromatic compounds undergo substitution reaction more readily. Aromaticity in compounds is considered only the system having 4n+2 π electrons, planar, cyclic, and should have conjugated π-electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The formation of compound B is allowed by the pericyclic selection rules is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions deal with electrons shift in a concerted manner. Moreover, in these reactions the breaking of reactant bonds and the formation of product bonds are formed at the same time.i.e., without the formation of intermediates. The word ‘pericyclic’ means around the cycle. Notably, the pericyclic reactions are classified as electrocyclic, cycloaddition and sigmatropic reactions based on the activation of reaction, the number of electrons involved and the stereochemistry outcome of the reactions. The selection rules of pericyclic reaction deal mostly on the rates of reaction and does not tell anything about position of equilibrium and equilibrium constant values.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The formation of the observed product C is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions deal with electrons shift in a concerted manner. Moreover, in these reactions the breaking of reactant bonds and the formation of product bonds are formed at the same time.i.e., without the formation of intermediates. The selection rules of pericyclic reaction deal mostly on the rates of reaction and does not tell anything about position of equilibrium and equilibrium constant values.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 28, Problem 28.53AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Anticipating the isolation of the potentially aromatic hydrocarbon B, a group of chemists irradiated compound A with ultraviolet light. Compound C was obtained as a product instead of B.

The reason for compound B might be expected to be unstable in spite of its cyclic array of 4n+2 π electrons is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The stability of aromatic compounds is high due to their stabilization energy. In order to retain their aromaticity (resultant stabilization energy) aromatic compounds undergo substitution reaction more readily. Aromaticity in compounds is considered only the system having 4n+2 π electrons, planar, cyclic, and should have conjugated π-electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The formation of compound B is allowed by the pericyclic selection rules is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions deal with electrons shift in a concerted manner. Moreover, in these reactions the breaking of reactant bonds and the formation of product bonds are formed at the same time.i.e., without the formation of intermediates. The word ‘pericyclic’ means around the cycle. Notably, the pericyclic reactions are classified as electrocyclic, cycloaddition and sigmatropic reactions based on the activation of reaction, the number of electrons involved and the stereochemistry outcome of the reactions. The selection rules of pericyclic reaction deal mostly on the rates of reaction and does not tell anything about position of equilibrium and equilibrium constant values.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The formation of the observed product C is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions deal with electrons shift in a concerted manner. Moreover, in these reactions the breaking of reactant bonds and the formation of product bonds are formed at the same time.i.e., without the formation of intermediates. The selection rules of pericyclic reaction deal mostly on the rates of reaction and does not tell anything about position of equilibrium and equilibrium constant values.

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Answer 5

Chapter 28, Problem 28.53AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Anticipating the isolation of the potentially aromatic hydrocarbon B, a group of chemists irradiated compound A with ultraviolet light. Compound C was obtained as a product instead of B.

The reason for compound B might be expected to be unstable in spite of its cyclic array of 4n+2 π electrons is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The stability of aromatic compounds is high due to their stabilization energy. In order to retain their aromaticity (resultant stabilization energy) aromatic compounds undergo substitution reaction more readily. Aromaticity in compounds is considered only the system having 4n+2 π electrons, planar, cyclic, and should have conjugated π-electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The formation of compound B is allowed by the pericyclic selection rules is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions deal with electrons shift in a concerted manner. Moreover, in these reactions the breaking of reactant bonds and the formation of product bonds are formed at the same time.i.e., without the formation of intermediates. The word ‘pericyclic’ means around the cycle. Notably, the pericyclic reactions are classified as electrocyclic, cycloaddition and sigmatropic reactions based on the activation of reaction, the number of electrons involved and the stereochemistry outcome of the reactions. The selection rules of pericyclic reaction deal mostly on the rates of reaction and does not tell anything about position of equilibrium and equilibrium constant values.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The formation of the observed product C is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions deal with electrons shift in a concerted manner. Moreover, in these reactions the breaking of reactant bonds and the formation of product bonds are formed at the same time.i.e., without the formation of intermediates. The selection rules of pericyclic reaction deal mostly on the rates of reaction and does not tell anything about position of equilibrium and equilibrium constant values.

Answer 6

Chapter 28, Problem 28.53AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Anticipating the isolation of the potentially aromatic hydrocarbon B, a group of chemists irradiated compound A with ultraviolet light. Compound C was obtained as a product instead of B.

The reason for compound B might be expected to be unstable in spite of its cyclic array of 4n+2 π electrons is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The stability of aromatic compounds is high due to their stabilization energy. In order to retain their aromaticity (resultant stabilization energy) aromatic compounds undergo substitution reaction more readily. Aromaticity in compounds is considered only the system having 4n+2 π electrons, planar, cyclic, and should have conjugated π-electrons.

Answer 7

Chapter 28, Problem 28.53AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Anticipating the isolation of the potentially aromatic hydrocarbon B, a group of chemists irradiated compound A with ultraviolet light. Compound C was obtained as a product instead of B.

The reason for compound B might be expected to be unstable in spite of its cyclic array of 4n+2 π electrons is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The stability of aromatic compounds is high due to their stabilization energy. In order to retain their aromaticity (resultant stabilization energy) aromatic compounds undergo substitution reaction more readily. Aromaticity in compounds is considered only the system having 4n+2 π electrons, planar, cyclic, and should have conjugated π-electrons.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The formation of compound B is allowed by the pericyclic selection rules is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions deal with electrons shift in a concerted manner. Moreover, in these reactions the breaking of reactant bonds and the formation of product bonds are formed at the same time.i.e., without the formation of intermediates. The word ‘pericyclic’ means around the cycle. Notably, the pericyclic reactions are classified as electrocyclic, cycloaddition and sigmatropic reactions based on the activation of reaction, the number of electrons involved and the stereochemistry outcome of the reactions. The selection rules of pericyclic reaction deal mostly on the rates of reaction and does not tell anything about position of equilibrium and equilibrium constant values.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The formation of compound B is allowed by the pericyclic selection rules is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions deal with electrons shift in a concerted manner. Moreover, in these reactions the breaking of reactant bonds and the formation of product bonds are formed at the same time.i.e., without the formation of intermediates. The word ‘pericyclic’ means around the cycle. Notably, the pericyclic reactions are classified as electrocyclic, cycloaddition and sigmatropic reactions based on the activation of reaction, the number of electrons involved and the stereochemistry outcome of the reactions. The selection rules of pericyclic reaction deal mostly on the rates of reaction and does not tell anything about position of equilibrium and equilibrium constant values.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The formation of the observed product C is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions deal with electrons shift in a concerted manner. Moreover, in these reactions the breaking of reactant bonds and the formation of product bonds are formed at the same time.i.e., without the formation of intermediates. The selection rules of pericyclic reaction deal mostly on the rates of reaction and does not tell anything about position of equilibrium and equilibrium constant values.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The formation of the observed product C is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions deal with electrons shift in a concerted manner. Moreover, in these reactions the breaking of reactant bonds and the formation of product bonds are formed at the same time.i.e., without the formation of intermediates. The selection rules of pericyclic reaction deal mostly on the rates of reaction and does not tell anything about position of equilibrium and equilibrium constant values.

Answer 12

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Answer 23

Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.1P Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.2P Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.3P Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.4P Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.5P Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.6P Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.7P Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.8P Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.9P Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the formation of compound B is allowed by the pericyclic selection rules.

Chapter 28 Solutions