(a) Interpretation: Without consulting tables or figures, answer the following questions: a thermal disrotatory electrocyclic reaction involving 12 electrons allowed or forbidden-the statement is to be verified. Concept introduction: Electrocyclic reactions are a pericyclic reaction which occur intramolecularly. These reactions will result in the formation of ring compounds under the influence of heat or light. Notably, in this process one new sigma bond is formed and one old π-bond is consumed. Intriguingly, the reverse ring opening electrocyclic reaction can also be possible to occur under the same reaction mechanism but in reverse manner. According to molecular orbital concepts, systems having 4n π electrons undergoes conrotatory ring closure is allowed and this ring closure is forbidden for systems having 4n + 2 π systems. Similarly, disrotatory closing of rings is forbidden for 4n π electrons and allowed for 4n + 2 π electron systems.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 28, Problem 28.29AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Without consulting tables or figures, answer the following questions: a thermal disrotatory electrocyclic reaction involving 12 electrons allowed or forbidden-the statement is to be verified.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reactions are a pericyclic reaction which occur intramolecularly. These reactions will result in the formation of ring compounds under the influence of heat or light. Notably, in this process one new sigma bond is formed and one old π-bond is consumed. Intriguingly, the reverse ring opening electrocyclic reaction can also be possible to occur under the same reaction mechanism but in reverse manner. According to molecular orbital concepts, systems having 4n π electrons undergoes conrotatory ring closure is allowed and this ring closure is forbidden for systems having 4n + 2 π systems. Similarly, disrotatory closing of rings is forbidden for 4n π electrons and allowed for 4n + 2 π electron systems.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

a [8s + 4s] photochemical cycloaddition is allowed-the statement is to be verified.

Concept introduction:

The reactions in which the formation of cyclic product observed by combining two or more unsaturated molecules is called cyclo addition reaction. Besides, the net reduction of bond multiplicity is observed. Molecules having 4n π electrons is allowed under photochemical conditions and 4n +2 π electrons is allowed under thermal conditions.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

the HOMO of (Z)-3, 4-dimethyl-1, 3, 5-hexatriene symmetric or antisymmetric-the statement is to be verified.

Concept introduction:

The reactions in which the formation of cyclic product observed by combining two or more unsaturated molecules is called cyclo addition reaction. Besides, the net reduction of bond multiplicity is observed. Molecules having 4n π electrons is allowed under photochemical conditions and 4n +2 π electrons is allowed under thermal conditions.

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Questions 4 and 5

For a titration of 40.00 mL of 0.0500 M oxalic acid H2C2O4 with 0.1000 M KOH, calculate the pH at each of the following volume of KOH used in the titration: 1) before the titration begin;2) 15 mL; 3) 20 mL; 4) 25 mL; 5) 40 mL; 6) 50 mL. Ka1 = 5.90×10^-2, Ka2 = 6.50×10^-5 for oxalic acid.

Predict the major organic product(s), if any, of the following reactions. Assume all reagents are in excess unless otherwise indicated.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 28, Problem 28.29AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Without consulting tables or figures, answer the following questions: a thermal disrotatory electrocyclic reaction involving 12 electrons allowed or forbidden-the statement is to be verified.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reactions are a pericyclic reaction which occur intramolecularly. These reactions will result in the formation of ring compounds under the influence of heat or light. Notably, in this process one new sigma bond is formed and one old π-bond is consumed. Intriguingly, the reverse ring opening electrocyclic reaction can also be possible to occur under the same reaction mechanism but in reverse manner. According to molecular orbital concepts, systems having 4n π electrons undergoes conrotatory ring closure is allowed and this ring closure is forbidden for systems having 4n + 2 π systems. Similarly, disrotatory closing of rings is forbidden for 4n π electrons and allowed for 4n + 2 π electron systems.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

a [8s + 4s] photochemical cycloaddition is allowed-the statement is to be verified.

Concept introduction:

The reactions in which the formation of cyclic product observed by combining two or more unsaturated molecules is called cyclo addition reaction. Besides, the net reduction of bond multiplicity is observed. Molecules having 4n π electrons is allowed under photochemical conditions and 4n +2 π electrons is allowed under thermal conditions.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

the HOMO of (Z)-3, 4-dimethyl-1, 3, 5-hexatriene symmetric or antisymmetric-the statement is to be verified.

Concept introduction:

The reactions in which the formation of cyclic product observed by combining two or more unsaturated molecules is called cyclo addition reaction. Besides, the net reduction of bond multiplicity is observed. Molecules having 4n π electrons is allowed under photochemical conditions and 4n +2 π electrons is allowed under thermal conditions.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 28, Problem 28.29AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Without consulting tables or figures, answer the following questions: a thermal disrotatory electrocyclic reaction involving 12 electrons allowed or forbidden-the statement is to be verified.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reactions are a pericyclic reaction which occur intramolecularly. These reactions will result in the formation of ring compounds under the influence of heat or light. Notably, in this process one new sigma bond is formed and one old π-bond is consumed. Intriguingly, the reverse ring opening electrocyclic reaction can also be possible to occur under the same reaction mechanism but in reverse manner. According to molecular orbital concepts, systems having 4n π electrons undergoes conrotatory ring closure is allowed and this ring closure is forbidden for systems having 4n + 2 π systems. Similarly, disrotatory closing of rings is forbidden for 4n π electrons and allowed for 4n + 2 π electron systems.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

a [8s + 4s] photochemical cycloaddition is allowed-the statement is to be verified.

Concept introduction:

The reactions in which the formation of cyclic product observed by combining two or more unsaturated molecules is called cyclo addition reaction. Besides, the net reduction of bond multiplicity is observed. Molecules having 4n π electrons is allowed under photochemical conditions and 4n +2 π electrons is allowed under thermal conditions.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

the HOMO of (Z)-3, 4-dimethyl-1, 3, 5-hexatriene symmetric or antisymmetric-the statement is to be verified.

Concept introduction:

The reactions in which the formation of cyclic product observed by combining two or more unsaturated molecules is called cyclo addition reaction. Besides, the net reduction of bond multiplicity is observed. Molecules having 4n π electrons is allowed under photochemical conditions and 4n +2 π electrons is allowed under thermal conditions.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 28, Problem 28.29AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Without consulting tables or figures, answer the following questions: a thermal disrotatory electrocyclic reaction involving 12 electrons allowed or forbidden-the statement is to be verified.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reactions are a pericyclic reaction which occur intramolecularly. These reactions will result in the formation of ring compounds under the influence of heat or light. Notably, in this process one new sigma bond is formed and one old π-bond is consumed. Intriguingly, the reverse ring opening electrocyclic reaction can also be possible to occur under the same reaction mechanism but in reverse manner. According to molecular orbital concepts, systems having 4n π electrons undergoes conrotatory ring closure is allowed and this ring closure is forbidden for systems having 4n + 2 π systems. Similarly, disrotatory closing of rings is forbidden for 4n π electrons and allowed for 4n + 2 π electron systems.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

a [8s + 4s] photochemical cycloaddition is allowed-the statement is to be verified.

Concept introduction:

The reactions in which the formation of cyclic product observed by combining two or more unsaturated molecules is called cyclo addition reaction. Besides, the net reduction of bond multiplicity is observed. Molecules having 4n π electrons is allowed under photochemical conditions and 4n +2 π electrons is allowed under thermal conditions.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

the HOMO of (Z)-3, 4-dimethyl-1, 3, 5-hexatriene symmetric or antisymmetric-the statement is to be verified.

Concept introduction:

The reactions in which the formation of cyclic product observed by combining two or more unsaturated molecules is called cyclo addition reaction. Besides, the net reduction of bond multiplicity is observed. Molecules having 4n π electrons is allowed under photochemical conditions and 4n +2 π electrons is allowed under thermal conditions.

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Answer 5

Chapter 28, Problem 28.29AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Without consulting tables or figures, answer the following questions: a thermal disrotatory electrocyclic reaction involving 12 electrons allowed or forbidden-the statement is to be verified.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reactions are a pericyclic reaction which occur intramolecularly. These reactions will result in the formation of ring compounds under the influence of heat or light. Notably, in this process one new sigma bond is formed and one old π-bond is consumed. Intriguingly, the reverse ring opening electrocyclic reaction can also be possible to occur under the same reaction mechanism but in reverse manner. According to molecular orbital concepts, systems having 4n π electrons undergoes conrotatory ring closure is allowed and this ring closure is forbidden for systems having 4n + 2 π systems. Similarly, disrotatory closing of rings is forbidden for 4n π electrons and allowed for 4n + 2 π electron systems.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

a [8s + 4s] photochemical cycloaddition is allowed-the statement is to be verified.

Concept introduction:

The reactions in which the formation of cyclic product observed by combining two or more unsaturated molecules is called cyclo addition reaction. Besides, the net reduction of bond multiplicity is observed. Molecules having 4n π electrons is allowed under photochemical conditions and 4n +2 π electrons is allowed under thermal conditions.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

the HOMO of (Z)-3, 4-dimethyl-1, 3, 5-hexatriene symmetric or antisymmetric-the statement is to be verified.

Concept introduction:

The reactions in which the formation of cyclic product observed by combining two or more unsaturated molecules is called cyclo addition reaction. Besides, the net reduction of bond multiplicity is observed. Molecules having 4n π electrons is allowed under photochemical conditions and 4n +2 π electrons is allowed under thermal conditions.

Answer 6

Chapter 28, Problem 28.29AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Without consulting tables or figures, answer the following questions: a thermal disrotatory electrocyclic reaction involving 12 electrons allowed or forbidden-the statement is to be verified.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reactions are a pericyclic reaction which occur intramolecularly. These reactions will result in the formation of ring compounds under the influence of heat or light. Notably, in this process one new sigma bond is formed and one old π-bond is consumed. Intriguingly, the reverse ring opening electrocyclic reaction can also be possible to occur under the same reaction mechanism but in reverse manner. According to molecular orbital concepts, systems having 4n π electrons undergoes conrotatory ring closure is allowed and this ring closure is forbidden for systems having 4n + 2 π systems. Similarly, disrotatory closing of rings is forbidden for 4n π electrons and allowed for 4n + 2 π electron systems.

Answer 7

Chapter 28, Problem 28.29AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Without consulting tables or figures, answer the following questions: a thermal disrotatory electrocyclic reaction involving 12 electrons allowed or forbidden-the statement is to be verified.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reactions are a pericyclic reaction which occur intramolecularly. These reactions will result in the formation of ring compounds under the influence of heat or light. Notably, in this process one new sigma bond is formed and one old π-bond is consumed. Intriguingly, the reverse ring opening electrocyclic reaction can also be possible to occur under the same reaction mechanism but in reverse manner. According to molecular orbital concepts, systems having 4n π electrons undergoes conrotatory ring closure is allowed and this ring closure is forbidden for systems having 4n + 2 π systems. Similarly, disrotatory closing of rings is forbidden for 4n π electrons and allowed for 4n + 2 π electron systems.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

a [8s + 4s] photochemical cycloaddition is allowed-the statement is to be verified.

Concept introduction:

The reactions in which the formation of cyclic product observed by combining two or more unsaturated molecules is called cyclo addition reaction. Besides, the net reduction of bond multiplicity is observed. Molecules having 4n π electrons is allowed under photochemical conditions and 4n +2 π electrons is allowed under thermal conditions.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

a [8s + 4s] photochemical cycloaddition is allowed-the statement is to be verified.

Concept introduction:

The reactions in which the formation of cyclic product observed by combining two or more unsaturated molecules is called cyclo addition reaction. Besides, the net reduction of bond multiplicity is observed. Molecules having 4n π electrons is allowed under photochemical conditions and 4n +2 π electrons is allowed under thermal conditions.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

the HOMO of (Z)-3, 4-dimethyl-1, 3, 5-hexatriene symmetric or antisymmetric-the statement is to be verified.

Concept introduction:

The reactions in which the formation of cyclic product observed by combining two or more unsaturated molecules is called cyclo addition reaction. Besides, the net reduction of bond multiplicity is observed. Molecules having 4n π electrons is allowed under photochemical conditions and 4n +2 π electrons is allowed under thermal conditions.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

the HOMO of (Z)-3, 4-dimethyl-1, 3, 5-hexatriene symmetric or antisymmetric-the statement is to be verified.

Concept introduction:

The reactions in which the formation of cyclic product observed by combining two or more unsaturated molecules is called cyclo addition reaction. Besides, the net reduction of bond multiplicity is observed. Molecules having 4n π electrons is allowed under photochemical conditions and 4n +2 π electrons is allowed under thermal conditions.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.1P Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.2P Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.3P Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.4P Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.5P Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.6P Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.7P Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.8P Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.9P Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that a thermal disrotatory electrocyclic reaction involving 12 electrons is forbidden due to antibonding orbital overlap is not favored.

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