Organic Chemistry
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780073402772
Author: Janice G. Smith
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 28, Problem 28.27P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The structures for compound
Concept introduction: Wohl degradation is a method which is used for the contraction of the carbon chains in aldose. In this method, the aldose chain shortens by the cleavage of
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A D-aldopentose A is reduced to an optically active alditol. Upon Kiliani–Fischer synthesis, A is converted to two Daldohexoses, B and C. B is oxidized to an optically inactive aldaric acid. C is oxidized to an optically active aldaric acid. What are the structures of A–C?
Which D-aldopentose is oxidized to an optically active aldaric acid and undergoes the Wohl degradation to yield a Daldotetrose that is oxidized to an optically active aldaric acid?
A D-aldohexose A is formed from an aldopentose B by the Kiliani-Fischer synthesis. Reduction of
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Chapter 28 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.1PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.2PCh. 28 - Label each stereogenic center as R or S. a. b. c....Ch. 28 - Convert the ball-and-stick model to a Fischer...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.5PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.6PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.7PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.8PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.9PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.10P
Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.11PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.12PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.13PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.14PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.15PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.16PCh. 28 - Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.18PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.19PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.20PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.21PCh. 28 - Draw the products formed when D-arabinose is...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.23PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.24PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.25PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.26PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.27PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.28PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.29PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.30PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.31PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.32PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.33PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.34PCh. 28 - Problem-28.35
Draw the structures of the...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.36PCh. 28 - 28.37 Convert each ball-and-stick model to a...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.38PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.39PCh. 28 - Convert each compound to a Fischer projection and...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.41PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.42PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.43PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.44PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.45PCh. 28 - Draw both pyranose anomers of each aldohexose...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.47PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.48PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.49PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.50PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.51PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.52PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.53PCh. 28 - What products are formed when each compound is...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.55PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.56PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.57PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.58PCh. 28 - 28.58 Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.60PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.61PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.62PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.63PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.64PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.65PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.66PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.67PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.68PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.69PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.70PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.71PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.72PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.73PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.74PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.75PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.76PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.77PCh. 28 - Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.79P
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- Treatment with sodium borohydride converts aldose A to an optically inactive alditol. Wohl degradation of A forms B, whose alditol is optically inactive. Wohl degradation of B forms d-glyceraldehyde. Identify A and B.arrow_forwardA D-aldopentose A is oxidized to an optically inactive aldaric acid with HNO3. A is formed by the Kiliani–Fischer synthesis of a D-aldotetrose B, which is also oxidized to an optically inactive aldaric acid with HNO3. What are the structures of A and B?arrow_forwardAldohexoses A and B are formed from aldopentose C via a Kiliani–Fischer synthesis. Nitric acid oxidizes A to an optically active aldaric acid, B to an optically inactive aldaric acid, and C to an optically active aldaric acid. Wohl degradation of C forms D, which is oxidized by nitric acid to an optically active aldaric acid. Wohl degradation of D forms (+)-glyceraldehyde. Identify A, B, C, and D.arrow_forward
- Monosaccharide A is a diastereomer of d-lyxose. Treatment of A with nitric acid forms an optically inactive aldaric acid. A undergoes a Kiliani-Fischer synthesis to form B and C. B is oxidized by nitric acid to an optically active aldaric acid, and C is oxidized to an optically inactive aldaric acid. Wohl degradation of A forms D, which is oxidized by nitric acid to an optically inactive aldaric acid. Wohl degradation of D forms a d-aldotriose. Identify A, B, C, and D.arrow_forwardA D-aldopentose is oxidized by nitric acid to an optically active aldaric acid. A Wohl degradation of the aldopentose leads to a monosaccharide that is oxidized by nitric acid to an optically inactive aldaric acid. Identify the D-aldopentose.arrow_forwardSugar X is known to be a d-aldohexose. On oxidation with HNO3, X gives an optically inactive aldaric acid. WhenX is degraded to an aldopentose, oxidation of the aldopentose gives an optically active aldaric acid. Determine thestructure of Xarrow_forward
- (a) Which of the d-aldopentoses will give optically active aldaric acids on oxidation with HNO3 ?(b) Which of the d-aldotetroses will give optically active aldaric acids on oxidation with HNO3 ?(c) Sugar X is known to be a d-aldohexose. On oxidation with HNO3, X gives an optically inactive aldaric acid. WhenX is degraded to an aldopentose, oxidation of the aldopentose gives an optically active aldaric acid. Determine thestructure of X.(d) Even though sugar X gives an optically inactive aldaric acid, the pentose formed by degradation gives an opticallyactive aldaric acid. Does this finding contradict the principle that optically inactive reagents cannot form opticallyactive products?(e) Show what product results if the aldopentose formed from degradation of X is further degraded to an aldotetrose.Does HNO3 oxidize this aldotetrose to an optically active aldaric acid?arrow_forwardd-Xylose and d-lyxose are formed when d-threose undergoes a Kiliani–Fischer synthesis. d-Xylose is oxidized to an optically inactive aldaric acid,whereas d-lyxose forms an optically active aldaric acid. What are the structures of d-xylose and d-lyxose?arrow_forwardWhich D-aldopentoses are reduced to optically inactive alditols using NaBH,, CH;OH?arrow_forward
- There are three (3) vials labeled A, B, and C known to contain the following monosaccharides. All three samples reduce Tollens and Fehling. By oxidation with dilute HNO3 an optically active aldaric acid is obtained for sample A and the remaining two give products without optical activity. When the three samples were subjected to an alkaline medium, it was observed that, after a certain time, samples A and C reached the same value of the specific rotation [α]. Select the RIGHT alternative: (a) Sample A is Galactose. (b) Sample B is Alosa. (c) Samples A and C are not related to each other by an epimerization process. (d) Sample C is Talose. (e) Samples B and C are epimers.arrow_forward1. Draw Haworth projections of B-D-arabinofuranose and a-L-mannopyranose. 2. Consider the structure of the disaccharide drawn at right: НО `CH2 В ОН (a) Give the names and D/L designation for the two monosaccharides linked together. H,C-O OHO „OH OH А: НО НО A В: ОН (b) In the structure, circle the anomeric carbon of each saccharide. (c) Is each saccharide present in its a or ß anomer? Specify both A and B (d) Would this disaccharide undergo mutarotation? Why or why not? (e) Would this disaccharide react with Tollens and/or Benedicts reagent? Why or why not? (f) There are two reasons this is very unlikely to be a naturally occurring disaccharide. What about its structure suggests this is true? Give both reasons.arrow_forwardCarbohydrates a. Compound Z is an aldopentose. If Z is oxidized with nitric acid the product is optically active. If Z undergoes one Ruff degradation and the product of that degradation is reduced to the alditol using H₂/Ni the resulting product is optically inactive. If compound Z undergoes two Ruff degradations, D-glyceraldehyde (shown below) is obtained. Draw the usual Fischer projection of Z (aldehyde at the top). (Hint: work backwards from D- glyceraldehyde.) H HIC OH CH₂OH D-Glyceraldehydearrow_forward
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