The minimum energy cost, in terms of ATP equivalents expended, for the biosynthesis of the β-globin chain of hemoglobin, starting from a pool including all necessary amino acids, ATP and GTP. Introduction : The polymeric biomolecules are synthesized and involves initiation, elongation and termination stages. The amino acids activation before their assimilation into polypeptides and the posttranslational processing of the completed polypeptide play a crucial role in ensuring the suitable protein function.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 27, Problem 8P

Summary Introduction

To determine: The minimum energy cost, in terms of ATP equivalents expended, for the biosynthesis of the β-globin chain of hemoglobin, starting from a pool including all necessary amino acids, ATP and GTP.

Introduction:

The polymeric biomolecules are synthesized and involves initiation, elongation and termination stages. The amino acids activation before their assimilation into polypeptides and the posttranslational processing of the completed polypeptide play a crucial role in ensuring the suitable protein function.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The extra energy cost of making a protein, in which all the residues are ordered in a specific sequence, compared with the cost with the cost of making a polysaccharide containing the same number of residues but lacking the informational content of the protein.

Introduction:

The synthesis of polymeric biomolecules involves initiation, elongation, and termination stages. The amino acids activation before their assimilation into polypeptides and the posttranslational processing of the completed polypeptide play a crucial role in ensuring the suitable protein function.

Summary Introduction

To compare: The answer obtained with the direct energy cost of the biosynthesis of a linear glycogen chain of 146 residues in (α1→4) starting from a pool including glucose.

Introduction:

During protein synthesis, the protein must fold into its conformation, becomes active and ribosome components are recycled. Most proteins are processed after synthesis. Some amino acids may be removed and some can undergo chemical modifications.

Summary Introduction

To compare: The magnitude of the indirect costs to a eukaryotic cell of the biosynthesis of linear (α1→4) glycogen chains and the biosynthesis of polypeptides, in terms of the enzymatic machinery involved.

Introduction:

Most proteins are processed after synthesis. Some amino acids may be removed and some can undergo chemical modifications. During protein synthesis, the protein must fold into its conformation, becomes active and ribosome components are recycled.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 27, Problem 8P

Summary Introduction

To determine: The minimum energy cost, in terms of ATP equivalents expended, for the biosynthesis of the β-globin chain of hemoglobin, starting from a pool including all necessary amino acids, ATP and GTP.

Introduction:

The polymeric biomolecules are synthesized and involves initiation, elongation and termination stages. The amino acids activation before their assimilation into polypeptides and the posttranslational processing of the completed polypeptide play a crucial role in ensuring the suitable protein function.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The extra energy cost of making a protein, in which all the residues are ordered in a specific sequence, compared with the cost with the cost of making a polysaccharide containing the same number of residues but lacking the informational content of the protein.

Introduction:

The synthesis of polymeric biomolecules involves initiation, elongation, and termination stages. The amino acids activation before their assimilation into polypeptides and the posttranslational processing of the completed polypeptide play a crucial role in ensuring the suitable protein function.

Summary Introduction

To compare: The answer obtained with the direct energy cost of the biosynthesis of a linear glycogen chain of 146 residues in (α1→4) starting from a pool including glucose.

Introduction:

During protein synthesis, the protein must fold into its conformation, becomes active and ribosome components are recycled. Most proteins are processed after synthesis. Some amino acids may be removed and some can undergo chemical modifications.

Summary Introduction

To compare: The magnitude of the indirect costs to a eukaryotic cell of the biosynthesis of linear (α1→4) glycogen chains and the biosynthesis of polypeptides, in terms of the enzymatic machinery involved.

Introduction:

Most proteins are processed after synthesis. Some amino acids may be removed and some can undergo chemical modifications. During protein synthesis, the protein must fold into its conformation, becomes active and ribosome components are recycled.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 27, Problem 8P

Summary Introduction

To determine: The minimum energy cost, in terms of ATP equivalents expended, for the biosynthesis of the β-globin chain of hemoglobin, starting from a pool including all necessary amino acids, ATP and GTP.

Introduction:

The polymeric biomolecules are synthesized and involves initiation, elongation and termination stages. The amino acids activation before their assimilation into polypeptides and the posttranslational processing of the completed polypeptide play a crucial role in ensuring the suitable protein function.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The extra energy cost of making a protein, in which all the residues are ordered in a specific sequence, compared with the cost with the cost of making a polysaccharide containing the same number of residues but lacking the informational content of the protein.

Introduction:

The synthesis of polymeric biomolecules involves initiation, elongation, and termination stages. The amino acids activation before their assimilation into polypeptides and the posttranslational processing of the completed polypeptide play a crucial role in ensuring the suitable protein function.

Summary Introduction

To compare: The answer obtained with the direct energy cost of the biosynthesis of a linear glycogen chain of 146 residues in (α1→4) starting from a pool including glucose.

Introduction:

During protein synthesis, the protein must fold into its conformation, becomes active and ribosome components are recycled. Most proteins are processed after synthesis. Some amino acids may be removed and some can undergo chemical modifications.

Summary Introduction

To compare: The magnitude of the indirect costs to a eukaryotic cell of the biosynthesis of linear (α1→4) glycogen chains and the biosynthesis of polypeptides, in terms of the enzymatic machinery involved.

Introduction:

Most proteins are processed after synthesis. Some amino acids may be removed and some can undergo chemical modifications. During protein synthesis, the protein must fold into its conformation, becomes active and ribosome components are recycled.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 27, Problem 8P

Summary Introduction

To determine: The minimum energy cost, in terms of ATP equivalents expended, for the biosynthesis of the β-globin chain of hemoglobin, starting from a pool including all necessary amino acids, ATP and GTP.

Introduction:

The polymeric biomolecules are synthesized and involves initiation, elongation and termination stages. The amino acids activation before their assimilation into polypeptides and the posttranslational processing of the completed polypeptide play a crucial role in ensuring the suitable protein function.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The extra energy cost of making a protein, in which all the residues are ordered in a specific sequence, compared with the cost with the cost of making a polysaccharide containing the same number of residues but lacking the informational content of the protein.

Introduction:

The synthesis of polymeric biomolecules involves initiation, elongation, and termination stages. The amino acids activation before their assimilation into polypeptides and the posttranslational processing of the completed polypeptide play a crucial role in ensuring the suitable protein function.

Summary Introduction

To compare: The answer obtained with the direct energy cost of the biosynthesis of a linear glycogen chain of 146 residues in (α1→4) starting from a pool including glucose.

Introduction:

During protein synthesis, the protein must fold into its conformation, becomes active and ribosome components are recycled. Most proteins are processed after synthesis. Some amino acids may be removed and some can undergo chemical modifications.

Summary Introduction

To compare: The magnitude of the indirect costs to a eukaryotic cell of the biosynthesis of linear (α1→4) glycogen chains and the biosynthesis of polypeptides, in terms of the enzymatic machinery involved.

Introduction:

Most proteins are processed after synthesis. Some amino acids may be removed and some can undergo chemical modifications. During protein synthesis, the protein must fold into its conformation, becomes active and ribosome components are recycled.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 27, Problem 8P

Summary Introduction

To determine: The minimum energy cost, in terms of ATP equivalents expended, for the biosynthesis of the β-globin chain of hemoglobin, starting from a pool including all necessary amino acids, ATP and GTP.

Introduction:

The polymeric biomolecules are synthesized and involves initiation, elongation and termination stages. The amino acids activation before their assimilation into polypeptides and the posttranslational processing of the completed polypeptide play a crucial role in ensuring the suitable protein function.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The extra energy cost of making a protein, in which all the residues are ordered in a specific sequence, compared with the cost with the cost of making a polysaccharide containing the same number of residues but lacking the informational content of the protein.

Introduction:

The synthesis of polymeric biomolecules involves initiation, elongation, and termination stages. The amino acids activation before their assimilation into polypeptides and the posttranslational processing of the completed polypeptide play a crucial role in ensuring the suitable protein function.

Summary Introduction

To compare: The answer obtained with the direct energy cost of the biosynthesis of a linear glycogen chain of 146 residues in (α1→4) starting from a pool including glucose.

Introduction:

During protein synthesis, the protein must fold into its conformation, becomes active and ribosome components are recycled. Most proteins are processed after synthesis. Some amino acids may be removed and some can undergo chemical modifications.

Summary Introduction

To compare: The magnitude of the indirect costs to a eukaryotic cell of the biosynthesis of linear (α1→4) glycogen chains and the biosynthesis of polypeptides, in terms of the enzymatic machinery involved.

Introduction:

Most proteins are processed after synthesis. Some amino acids may be removed and some can undergo chemical modifications. During protein synthesis, the protein must fold into its conformation, becomes active and ribosome components are recycled.

Answer 6

Chapter 27, Problem 8P

Summary Introduction

To determine: The minimum energy cost, in terms of ATP equivalents expended, for the biosynthesis of the β-globin chain of hemoglobin, starting from a pool including all necessary amino acids, ATP and GTP.

Introduction:

The polymeric biomolecules are synthesized and involves initiation, elongation and termination stages. The amino acids activation before their assimilation into polypeptides and the posttranslational processing of the completed polypeptide play a crucial role in ensuring the suitable protein function.

Answer 7

Chapter 27, Problem 8P

Summary Introduction

To determine: The minimum energy cost, in terms of ATP equivalents expended, for the biosynthesis of the β-globin chain of hemoglobin, starting from a pool including all necessary amino acids, ATP and GTP.

Introduction:

The polymeric biomolecules are synthesized and involves initiation, elongation and termination stages. The amino acids activation before their assimilation into polypeptides and the posttranslational processing of the completed polypeptide play a crucial role in ensuring the suitable protein function.

Answer 8

Summary Introduction

To determine: The extra energy cost of making a protein, in which all the residues are ordered in a specific sequence, compared with the cost with the cost of making a polysaccharide containing the same number of residues but lacking the informational content of the protein.

Introduction:

The synthesis of polymeric biomolecules involves initiation, elongation, and termination stages. The amino acids activation before their assimilation into polypeptides and the posttranslational processing of the completed polypeptide play a crucial role in ensuring the suitable protein function.

Answer 9

Summary Introduction

To determine: The extra energy cost of making a protein, in which all the residues are ordered in a specific sequence, compared with the cost with the cost of making a polysaccharide containing the same number of residues but lacking the informational content of the protein.

Introduction:

The synthesis of polymeric biomolecules involves initiation, elongation, and termination stages. The amino acids activation before their assimilation into polypeptides and the posttranslational processing of the completed polypeptide play a crucial role in ensuring the suitable protein function.

Answer 10

Summary Introduction

To compare: The answer obtained with the direct energy cost of the biosynthesis of a linear glycogen chain of 146 residues in (α1→4) starting from a pool including glucose.

Introduction:

During protein synthesis, the protein must fold into its conformation, becomes active and ribosome components are recycled. Most proteins are processed after synthesis. Some amino acids may be removed and some can undergo chemical modifications.

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

To compare: The answer obtained with the direct energy cost of the biosynthesis of a linear glycogen chain of 146 residues in (α1→4) starting from a pool including glucose.

Introduction:

During protein synthesis, the protein must fold into its conformation, becomes active and ribosome components are recycled. Most proteins are processed after synthesis. Some amino acids may be removed and some can undergo chemical modifications.

Answer 12

Summary Introduction

To compare: The magnitude of the indirect costs to a eukaryotic cell of the biosynthesis of linear (α1→4) glycogen chains and the biosynthesis of polypeptides, in terms of the enzymatic machinery involved.

Introduction:

Most proteins are processed after synthesis. Some amino acids may be removed and some can undergo chemical modifications. During protein synthesis, the protein must fold into its conformation, becomes active and ribosome components are recycled.

Answer 13

Summary Introduction

To compare: The magnitude of the indirect costs to a eukaryotic cell of the biosynthesis of linear (α1→4) glycogen chains and the biosynthesis of polypeptides, in terms of the enzymatic machinery involved.

Introduction:

Most proteins are processed after synthesis. Some amino acids may be removed and some can undergo chemical modifications. During protein synthesis, the protein must fold into its conformation, becomes active and ribosome components are recycled.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 27 - Prob. 1P Ch. 27 - Prob. 2P Ch. 27 - Prob. 3P Ch. 27 - Prob. 4P Ch. 27 - Prob. 5P Ch. 27 - Prob. 6P Ch. 27 - Prob. 7P Ch. 27 - Prob. 8P Ch. 27 - Prob. 9P Ch. 27 - Prob. 10P

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