College Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168000
Author: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 27, Problem 87PE
What angle would the axis of a polarizing filter need to make with the direction of polarized light of intensity 1.00kW/m2 to reduce the intensity to 10.0 W/m2?
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Some unpolarized light has an intensity of 1315 W/m2 before passing through three polarizing filters. The transmission axis of the first filter is vertical. The second filter's transmission axis is 24.0° from vertical. The third filter's transmission axis is 38.0° from vertical. What is the intensity of the light that emerges from the three filters?
Unpolarized light of intensity 20.0 W/cm2 is incident on two polarizing filters. The axis of the first filter is at an angle of 25.0° counterclockwise from the vertical (viewed in the direction the light is traveling), and the axis of the second filter is at 62.0° counterclockwise from the vertical. What is the intensity of the light after it has passed through the second polarizer?
A polarizer reduces the intensity of light by a factor of 0.5. At what angle should the analyzer be oriented so the average intensity of light leaving the analyzer is reduced to 0.10?
Chapter 27 Solutions
College Physics
Ch. 27 - What type of experimental evidence indicates that...Ch. 27 - Give an example of a wave characteristic of light...Ch. 27 - How do wave effects depend on the size of the...Ch. 27 - Under what conditions can light be modeled like a...Ch. 27 - Go outside in the sunlight and observe your...Ch. 27 - Why does the wavelength of light decrease when it...Ch. 27 - Does Huygens's principle apply to all types of...Ch. 27 - Young's double slit experiment breaks a single...Ch. 27 - Suppose you use the same double slit to perform...Ch. 27 - Is it possible to create a situation in which...
Ch. 27 - Figure 27.55 shows the central part of the...Ch. 27 - What is the advantage of a diffraction grating...Ch. 27 - What are the advantages of a diffraction grating...Ch. 27 - Can the lines in a diffraction grating be too...Ch. 27 - If a beam of white light passes through a...Ch. 27 - Suppose pure-wavelength light falls on a...Ch. 27 - Suppose a feather appears green but has no green...Ch. 27 - It is possible that there is no minimum in the...Ch. 27 - As the width of the slit producing a single-slit...Ch. 27 - A beam of light always spreads out. Why can a beam...Ch. 27 - What effect does increasing the wedge angle have...Ch. 27 - How is the difference in paths taken by two...Ch. 27 - Is there a phase change in the light reflected...Ch. 27 - In placing a sample on a microscope slide, a glass...Ch. 27 - Answer the above question if the fluid between the...Ch. 27 - While contemplating the food value of a slice of...Ch. 27 - An inventor notices that a soap bubble is dark at...Ch. 27 - A non-reflective coating like the one described in...Ch. 27 - Why is it much more difficult to see interference...Ch. 27 - Under what circumstances is the phase of light...Ch. 27 - Can a sound wave in air be polarized? Explain.Ch. 27 - No light passes through two perfect polarizing...Ch. 27 - Explain what happens to the energy carried by...Ch. 27 - When particles scattering light are smaller than...Ch. 27 - Using the information given in the preceding...Ch. 27 - When light is reflected at Brewster's angle from a...Ch. 27 - Explain how microscopes can use wave optics to...Ch. 27 - A bright white light under water is collimated and...Ch. 27 - Show that when light passes from air to water, its...Ch. 27 - Find the range of visible wavelengths of light in...Ch. 27 - What is the index of refraction of a material for...Ch. 27 - Analysis of an interference effect in a clear...Ch. 27 - What is the ratio of thicknesses of crown glass...Ch. 27 - At what angle is the first-order maximum for...Ch. 27 - Calculate the angle for the third-order maximum of...Ch. 27 - What is the separation between two slits for which...Ch. 27 - Find the distance between two slits that produces...Ch. 27 - Calculate the wavelength of light that has its...Ch. 27 - What is the wavelength of light falling on double...Ch. 27 - At what angle is the fourth-order maximum for the...Ch. 27 - What is the highest-order maximum for 400-nm light...Ch. 27 - Find the largest wavelength of light falling on...Ch. 27 - What is the smallest separation between two slits...Ch. 27 - (a) What is the smallest separation between two...Ch. 27 - (a) If the first-order maximum for pure-wavelength...Ch. 27 - Figure 27.56 shows a double slit located a...Ch. 27 - Using the result of the problem above, calculate...Ch. 27 - Using the result of the problem two problems...Ch. 27 - A diffraction grating has 2000 lines per...Ch. 27 - Find the angle for the third-order maximum for...Ch. 27 - How many lines per centimeter are there on a...Ch. 27 - What is the distance between lines on a...Ch. 27 - Calculate the wavelength of light that has its...Ch. 27 - An electric current through hydrogen gas produces...Ch. 27 - (a) What do the four angles in the above problem...Ch. 27 - What is the maximum number of lines per centimeter...Ch. 27 - The yellow light from a sodium vapor lamp seems to...Ch. 27 - What is the spacing between structures in a...Ch. 27 - Structures on a bird feather act like a reflection...Ch. 27 - An opal such as that shown in Figure 27.17 acts...Ch. 27 - At what angle does a diffraction grating produces...Ch. 27 - Show that a diffraction grating cannot produce a...Ch. 27 - If a diffraction grating produces a first-order...Ch. 27 - (a) Find the maximum number of lines per...Ch. 27 - €37. (a) Show that a 30,000-line-per-centimeter...Ch. 27 - A He—Ne laser beam is reflected from the surface...Ch. 27 - The analysis shown in the figure below also...Ch. 27 - Unreasonable Results Red light of wavelength of...Ch. 27 - Unreasonable Results (a) What visible wavelength...Ch. 27 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a spectrometer...Ch. 27 - (a) At what angle is the first minimum for 550-nm...Ch. 27 - (a) Calculate the angle at which a 2.00- m -wide...Ch. 27 - (a) How wide is a single slit that produces its...Ch. 27 - (a) What is the width of a single slit that...Ch. 27 - Find the wavelength of light that has its third...Ch. 27 - Calculate the wavelength of light that produces...Ch. 27 - (a) Sodium vapor light averaging 589 nm in...Ch. 27 - (a) Find the angle of the third diffraction...Ch. 27 - (a) Find the angle between the first minima for...Ch. 27 - (a) What is the minimum width of a single slit (in...Ch. 27 - (a) If a single slit produces a first minimum at...Ch. 27 - A double slit produces a diffraction pattern that...Ch. 27 - Integrated Concepts A water break at the entrance...Ch. 27 - Integrated Concepts An aircraft maintenance...Ch. 27 - The 300-m-diameter Arecibo radio telescope...Ch. 27 - Assuming the angular resolution found for the...Ch. 27 - Diffraction spreading for a flashlight is...Ch. 27 - (a) What is the minimum angular spread of a 633-nm...Ch. 27 - A telescope can be used to enlarge the diameter of...Ch. 27 - The limit to the eye's acuity is actually related...Ch. 27 - What is the minimum diameter mirror on a telescope...Ch. 27 - You are told not to shoot until you see the whites...Ch. 27 - (a) The planet Pluto and its Moon Charon are...Ch. 27 - The headlights of a car are 1.3 m apart. What is...Ch. 27 - When dots are placed on a page from a laser...Ch. 27 - Unreasonable Results An amateur astronomer wants...Ch. 27 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider diffraction...Ch. 27 - A soap bubble is 100 nm thick and illuminated by...Ch. 27 - An oil slick on water is 120 nm thick and...Ch. 27 - Calculate the minimum thickness of an oil slick on...Ch. 27 - Find the minimum thickness of a soap bubble that...Ch. 27 - A film of soapy water (n=1.33) on top of a plastic...Ch. 27 - What are the three smallest non-zero thicknesses...Ch. 27 - Suppose you have a lens system that is to be used...Ch. 27 - (a) As a soap bubble thins it becomes dark,...Ch. 27 - A film of oil on water will appear dark when it is...Ch. 27 - Figure 27.34 shows two glass slides illuminated by...Ch. 27 - Figure 27.34 shows two 7.50-cm-long glass slides...Ch. 27 - Repeat Exercise 27.70, but take the light to be...Ch. 27 - Repeat Exercise 27.71, but take the light to be...Ch. 27 - Unreasonable Results To save money on making...Ch. 27 - What angle is needed between the direction of...Ch. 27 - The angle between the axes of two polarizing...Ch. 27 - If you have completely polarized light of...Ch. 27 - What angle would the axis of a polarizing filter...Ch. 27 - At the end of Example 27.8, it was stated that the...Ch. 27 - Show that if you have three polarizing filters,...Ch. 27 - Prove that, if I is the intensity of light...Ch. 27 - At what angle will light reflected from diamond be...Ch. 27 - What is Brewster's angle for light traveling in...Ch. 27 - A scuba diver sees light reflected from the...Ch. 27 - At what angle is light inside crown glass...Ch. 27 - Light reflected at 55.6° from a window is...Ch. 27 - (a) Light reflected at 62.5° from a gemstone in a...Ch. 27 - If b is Brewster's angle for light reflected from...Ch. 27 - Integrated Concepts If a polarizing filter reduces...Ch. 27 - Integrated Concepts Suppose you put on two pairs...Ch. 27 - Integrated Concepts (a) On a day when the...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- An unpolarized beam of light is incident on a stack of ideal polarizing filters. The axis of the first filter is perpendicular to the axis of the last filter in the stack. Find the fraction by which the transmitted beams intensity is reduced in the three following cases. (a) Three filters are in the stack, each with its transmission axis at 45.0 relative to the preceding filter. (b) Four filters are in the stack, each with its transmission axis at 30.0 relative to the preceding filter. (c) Seven filters are in the stack, each with its transmission axis at 15.0 relative to the preceding filter. (d) Comment on comparing the answers to parts (a), (b), and (c).arrow_forwardA linearly polarized microwave of wavelength 1.50 cm is directed along the positive x axis. The electric field vector has a maximum value of 175 V/m and vibrates in the xy plane. Assuming the magnetic field component of the wave can be written in the form B = Bmax sin (kx t), give values for (a) Bmax, (b) k, and (c) . (d) Determine in which plane the magnetic field vector vibrates. (e) Calculate the average value of the Poynting vector for this wave. (f) If this wave were directed at normal incidence onto a perfectly reflecting sheet, what radiation pressure would it exert? (g) What acceleration would be imparted to a 500-g sheet (perfectly reflecting and at normal incidence) with dimensions of 1.00 m 0.750 m?arrow_forwardThe Poynting vector describes a flow of energy whenever electric and magnetic fields are present. Consider a long cylindrical wire of radius r with a current I in the wire, with resistance R and voltage V. From the expressions for the electric field along the wire and the magnetic field around the wire, obtain the magnitude and direction of the Poynting vector at the surface. Show that it accounts for an energy flow into the wire from the fields around it that accounts for the Ohmic heating of the wire.arrow_forward
- If a polarizing filter reduces the intensity of polarized light to 50.0% of its original value, by how much are the electric and magnetic fields reduced?arrow_forwardWhat angle is needed between the direction of polarized light and the axis of a polarizing filter to cut its intensity in half?arrow_forwardFigure P24.13 shows a plane electromagnetic sinusoidal wave propagating in the x direction. Suppose the wavelength is 50.0 m and the electric field vibrates in the xy plane with an amplitude of 22.0 V/m. Calculate (a) the frequency of the wave and (b) the magnetic field B when the electric field has its maximum value in the negative y direction. (c) Write an expression for B with the correct unit vector, with numerical values for Bmax, k, and , and with its magnitude in the form B=Bmaxcos(kxt) Figure P24.13 Problems 13 and 64.arrow_forward
- In Figure P37.52, suppose the transmission axes of the left and right polarizing disks are perpendicular to each other. Also, let the center disk be rotated on the common axis with an angular speed . Show that if unpolarized light is incident on the left disk with an intensity Imax, the intensity of the beam emerging from the right disk is I=116Imax(1cos4t) This result means that the intensity of the emerging beam is modulated at a rate four times the rate of rotation of the center disk. Suggestion: Use the trigonometric identities cos2=12(1+cos2) and sin2=12(1cos2). Figure P37.52arrow_forwardUnpolarized light is incident on a system of three ideal polarizers. The second polarizer is oriented at an angle of 30.0° with respect to the first, and the third is oriented at an angle of 45.0° with respect to the first. If the light that emerges from the system has an intensity of 29.8 W/m2, what is the intensity of the incident light?arrow_forwardUnpolarized light passes through three polarizing filters. The first filter has it transmission axis parallel to the z direction, the second has its transmission axis at an angle of 30 degrees from the z direction, the third has its transmission axis at an angle of 60 degrees from the z direction. If the light that emerges from the third filter has an intensity of 36.0 W/m2, what is the original intensity of the light? (Assume both angles are measured in the same direction from the +z axis). Use cos(30)=√3/2.arrow_forward
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