Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781133939146
Author: Katz, Debora M.
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 27, Problem 54PQ
A parallel-plate capacitor with an air gap has capacitance C0. It is connected to a battery with potential V0 that gives it charge Q0 and stored energy U0. After the capacitor is disconnected from the battery, a dielectric with constant κ = 3 is inserted into the air gap, completely filling it. In terms of the initial values, find the new capacitance C, charge Q, potential V, and stored energy U.
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Question B3
Consider the following FLRW spacetime:
t2
ds² = -dt² +
(dx²
+ dy²+ dz²),
t2
where t is a constant.
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[2 marks]
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[3 marks]
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d) The Friedmann equations are
2
k
8πG
а
4πG
+
a²
(p+3p).
3
a
3
[5 marks]
Use these equations to determine the energy density p(t) and the pressure p(t) for the
FLRW spacetime specified at the top of the page.
[5 marks]
e) Given the result of question B3.d, state whether the FLRW universe in question is (i)
radiation-dominated, (ii) matter-dominated, (iii) cosmological-constant-dominated, or (iv)
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f)
[5 marks]
A conformally…
SECTION B
Answer ONLY TWO questions in Section B
[Expect to use one single-sided A4 page for each Section-B sub question.]
Question B1
Consider the line element
where w is a constant.
ds²=-dt²+e2wt dx²,
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[2 marks]
b) Determine the Christoffel symbols. [See the Appendix of this document.]
[10 marks]
c)
Write down the geodesic equations.
[5 marks]
d) Show that e2wt it is a constant of geodesic motion.
[4 marks]
e)
Solve the geodesic equations for null geodesics.
[4 marks]
Page 2
SECTION A
Answer ALL questions in Section A
[Expect to use one single-sided A4 page for each Section-A sub question.]
Question A1
SPA6308 (2024)
Consider Minkowski spacetime in Cartesian coordinates th
=
(t, x, y, z), such that
ds² = dt² + dx² + dy² + dz².
(a) Consider the vector with components V" = (1,-1,0,0). Determine V and V. V.
(b) Consider now the coordinate system x' (u, v, y, z) such that
u =t-x,
v=t+x.
[2 marks]
Write down the line element, the metric, the Christoffel symbols and the Riemann curvature
tensor in the new coordinates. [See the Appendix of this document.]
[5 marks]
(c) Determine V", that is, write the object in question A1.a in the coordinate system x'. Verify
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Question A2
[5 marks]
Suppose that A, is a covector field, and consider the object
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Chapter 27 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
Ch. 27.1 - CASE STUDY How Big a Spring? Imagine the ring in...Ch. 27.2 - Consider two different capacitors, A and B. Figure...Ch. 27.2 - a. If capacitor B in Figure 27.8 has a charge of...Ch. 27.3 - Explain why electrons stop flowing when the...Ch. 27.3 - A large parallel-plate capacitor is attached to a...Ch. 27.4 - CASE STUDY Capacitors for a Thompson coil The...Ch. 27.7 - An X-ray tube at a dentists office produces X-rays...Ch. 27 - CASE STUDY Concept Exercise 27.1 (page 829), we...Ch. 27 - Prob. 2PQCh. 27 - In Franklins time, a device for storing electric...
Ch. 27 - The first Leyden jar was probably discovered by a...Ch. 27 - Prob. 5PQCh. 27 - According to UE=12C(V)2 (Eq. 27.3), a greater...Ch. 27 - In Figure P27.7, capacitor 1 (C1 = 20.0 F)...Ch. 27 - Prob. 8PQCh. 27 - A 4.50-F capacitor is connected to a battery for a...Ch. 27 - Prob. 10PQCh. 27 - Prob. 11PQCh. 27 - Prob. 12PQCh. 27 - Prob. 13PQCh. 27 - When a Leyden jar is charged by a hand generator...Ch. 27 - Prob. 15PQCh. 27 - A 6.50-F capacitor is connected to a battery. What...Ch. 27 - A pair of capacitors with capacitances CA = 3.70 F...Ch. 27 - Two 1.5-V batteries are required in a flashlight....Ch. 27 - Two capacitors have capacitances of 6.0 F and 3.0...Ch. 27 - Prob. 20PQCh. 27 - Calculate the equivalent capacitance between...Ch. 27 - Prob. 22PQCh. 27 - Given the arrangement of capacitors in Figure...Ch. 27 - An arrangement of capacitors is shown in Figure...Ch. 27 - Prob. 25PQCh. 27 - Prob. 26PQCh. 27 - Find the equivalent capacitance for the network...Ch. 27 - Prob. 28PQCh. 27 - The capacitances of three capacitors are in the...Ch. 27 - For the four capacitors in the circuit shown in...Ch. 27 - The separation between the 4.40-cm2 plates of an...Ch. 27 - A spherical capacitor is made up of two concentric...Ch. 27 - A Derive an expression for the capacitance of an...Ch. 27 - Prob. 34PQCh. 27 - Prob. 35PQCh. 27 - Prob. 36PQCh. 27 - Prob. 37PQCh. 27 - Prob. 38PQCh. 27 - Review One of the plates of a parallel-plate...Ch. 27 - Prob. 40PQCh. 27 - Prob. 41PQCh. 27 - A 56.90-pF cylindrical capacitor carries a charge...Ch. 27 - Prob. 43PQCh. 27 - Prob. 44PQCh. 27 - Prob. 45PQCh. 27 - Prob. 46PQCh. 27 - The plates of an air-filled parallel-plate...Ch. 27 - Prob. 48PQCh. 27 - Prob. 49PQCh. 27 - Prob. 50PQCh. 27 - Prob. 51PQCh. 27 - Prob. 52PQCh. 27 - Prob. 53PQCh. 27 - A parallel-plate capacitor with an air gap has...Ch. 27 - A parallel-plate capacitor with plates of area A =...Ch. 27 - Prob. 56PQCh. 27 - Prob. 57PQCh. 27 - Prob. 58PQCh. 27 - Prob. 59PQCh. 27 - Prob. 60PQCh. 27 - Find an expression for the electric field between...Ch. 27 - An air-filled parallel-plate capacitor is charged...Ch. 27 - Two Leyden jars are similar in size and shape, but...Ch. 27 - Prob. 64PQCh. 27 - Nerve cells in the human body and in other animals...Ch. 27 - Prob. 66PQCh. 27 - Prob. 67PQCh. 27 - Prob. 68PQCh. 27 - Prob. 69PQCh. 27 - Prob. 70PQCh. 27 - What is the maximum charge that can be stored on...Ch. 27 - Prob. 72PQCh. 27 - In a laboratory, you find a 9.00-V battery and a...Ch. 27 - Prob. 74PQCh. 27 - Figure P27.75 shows four capacitors with CA = 4.00...Ch. 27 - Prob. 76PQCh. 27 - Prob. 77PQCh. 27 - A parallel-plate capacitor with plates of area A...Ch. 27 - Prob. 79PQCh. 27 - Prob. 80PQCh. 27 - A 90.0-V battery is connected to a capacitor with...Ch. 27 - Consider an infinitely long network with identical...Ch. 27 - Prob. 83PQCh. 27 - What is the equivalent capacitance of the five...Ch. 27 - The circuit in Figure P27.85 shows four capacitors...Ch. 27 - Prob. 86PQCh. 27 - A Pairs of parallel wires or coaxial cables are...Ch. 27 - A parallel-plate capacitor has square plates of...
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