
Concept explainers
To explain: The balanced stomatal opening and closing trade-off.
Introduction: Stomata are tiny pores commonly found on leaves and stems. The stomatal pore has a border made by a pair of guard cells. The guard cells are made of thick parenchymal cells that control the stomata to open and close. The functions of stomata include gaseous exchange and transpiration.

Explanation of Solution
Stomatal trade-off occurs mainly for processes such as transpiration and photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, the pores are opened for gaseous exchange and stomata are opened because of photosynthesis. It is closed in the night to prevent water loss. In conditions of drought stomata are closed during the day to conserve water. During exchange of gases when carbon dioxide (CO2) levels are high stomata opens while in low
CO2 levels it closes. The cellular potassium ions also play a role wherein an increase opens the stomata while a decrease closes the stomata.
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Chapter 27 Solutions
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