Peptides may be synthesized using an α-keto acid and a hydroxylamine. Concept introduction: The reaction of formation of an amide/ peptide from an α-keto acid and a hydroxylamine involves an initial nucleophilic substitution of the alkyl group to the keto group followed by decarboxylation and elimination of water molecule. To determine: Mechanism of reaction thought to occur by nucleophilic addition of the N-alkylhydroxylamine to the keto acid as if forming an oxime.

Question

4. Here’s a figure-it-out mechanism, resulting in the formation of p-aminophenol from an aromatic hydroxylamine. Would you expect either ortho- or meta-aminophenol to form in competition? Why or why not? H H;0* H -N НО H2O ОН H 5. (a) The triaryl hydroxylamine hydrolyzes in acid to form two products: one compound containing two aromatic rings and one with a single aromatic ring. First, draw the two products and the mechanism of their formation in acidic water (this is another "figure it out" mechanism). Ph H;O* Ph—С—N H,0 Ph ОН (b) Suppose one of the aryl rings had a t-donating group (-OCH3) and the other had a n- withdrawing group (-NO2), both in the para position. Where would the substituents end up in the products (draw them)? Why? Do you suspect this reaction is under kinetic control or thermodynamic control, or both/either?

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 26.SE, Problem 28MP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Peptides may be synthesized using an α-keto acid and a hydroxylamine.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of formation of an amide/ peptide from an α-keto acid and a hydroxylamine involves an initial nucleophilic substitution of the alkyl group to the keto group followed by decarboxylation and elimination of water molecule.

To determine:

Mechanism of reaction thought to occur by nucleophilic addition of the N-alkylhydroxylamine to the keto acid as if forming an oxime.

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4. Here’s a figure-it-out mechanism, resulting in the formation of p-aminophenol from an aromatic hydroxylamine. Would you expect either ortho- or meta-aminophenol to form in competition? Why or why not? H H;0* H -N НО H2O ОН H 5. (a) The triaryl hydroxylamine hydrolyzes in acid to form two products: one compound containing two aromatic rings and one with a single aromatic ring. First, draw the two products and the mechanism of their formation in acidic water (this is another "figure it out" mechanism). Ph H;O* Ph—С—N H,0 Ph ОН (b) Suppose one of the aryl rings had a t-donating group (-OCH3) and the other had a n- withdrawing group (-NO2), both in the para position. Where would the substituents end up in the products (draw them)? Why? Do you suspect this reaction is under kinetic control or thermodynamic control, or both/either?

In sugar metabolism, the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase converts glucose-6-phosphate into fructose-6-phosphate, as shown in the reaction below. The enzyme provides a protonated Glu and a neutral Lys. Propose a three-step acid/base mechanism for this reaction. Hint: the product of the first step is an ene-diol. -203POH₂C HO.... ...OH HO OH OPO3-² -2 HO OH OH OH

Analyze the mechanism of each rearrangement and list their similarities.

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 26.SE, Problem 28MP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Peptides may be synthesized using an α-keto acid and a hydroxylamine.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of formation of an amide/ peptide from an α-keto acid and a hydroxylamine involves an initial nucleophilic substitution of the alkyl group to the keto group followed by decarboxylation and elimination of water molecule.

To determine:

Mechanism of reaction thought to occur by nucleophilic addition of the N-alkylhydroxylamine to the keto acid as if forming an oxime.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 26.SE, Problem 28MP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Peptides may be synthesized using an α-keto acid and a hydroxylamine.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of formation of an amide/ peptide from an α-keto acid and a hydroxylamine involves an initial nucleophilic substitution of the alkyl group to the keto group followed by decarboxylation and elimination of water molecule.

To determine:

Mechanism of reaction thought to occur by nucleophilic addition of the N-alkylhydroxylamine to the keto acid as if forming an oxime.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 26.SE, Problem 28MP

Interpretation Introduction