Foundations in Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259705212
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 26.L1, Problem 1WC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The energy decreases with the increase in trophic level. But, interestingly, a balance is still maintained in the ecosystem and it runs efficiently, provided, all the processes occur in their specified manner.
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The direction of the arrows in a trophic chain (as the one in the figure below) represents...
A
E
O B) direction of movement of matter
O Both B and C
O A, B, and C
O A) direction of consumption, from higher level consumer to lower level consumer
O C) direction of movement of energy
O Both A and C
1.) Describe a food chain that has at least four different trophic levels. Label the tropic level (Producer, Primary consumer, Secondary Consumer, or Tertiary Consumer), whether the organism is a(n) autotroph or heterotroph, and provide an example of an organism at each tropic level.
2.)Name two biological processes involved in rapid carbon exchange:
3.)Name two geologic processes involved in long-term carbon exchange:
2
Chapter 26 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 26.1 - 1. Define microbial ecology and describe what it...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 2ELOCh. 26.1 - 3. Differentiate between habitat and niche, using...Ch. 26.1 - 1. Present in outline form the levels of...Ch. 26.1 - 2. Compare the concepts of habitat and niche using...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 4ELOCh. 26.2 - 5. Analyze trophic structures and nutritional...Ch. 26.2 - 6. Outline several types of ecological...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 26.2 - Prob. 4CYP
Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 5CYPCh. 26.2 - Prob. 6CYPCh. 26.3 - 7. Summarize the main concepts pertaining to...Ch. 26.3 - 8. Discuss the primary participants in and...Ch. 26.3 - 9. Describe the forms in which nitrogen is found...Ch. 26.3 - 10. Indicate the main components of the sulfur and...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 7CYPCh. 26.3 - Prob. 8CYPCh. 26.3 - Prob. 9CYPCh. 26.3 - Prob. 10CYPCh. 26.3 - 11. Describe nitrogen fixation, ammonification,...Ch. 26.3 - 12. What form of nitrogen is required by plants?...Ch. 26.3 - 13. Summarize the main stages in the cycling of...Ch. 26.3 - 14. Explain the processes of bioaccumulation and...Ch. 26.4 - 11. Describe the structure of soil and how it...Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 12ELOCh. 26.4 - 13. Explain how bioremediation relates to soil and...Ch. 26.5 - Prob. 14ELOCh. 26.5 - 15. Describe the structure of aquatic ecosystems.Ch. 26.5 - 16. Explain how aquatic environments vary in...Ch. 26.5 - 17. Relate the principles involved in water...Ch. 26.5 - Prob. 18ELOCh. 26.5 - 15. Describe the composition of the soil, the...Ch. 26.5 - Prob. 16CYPCh. 26.5 - 17. What are the roles of precipitation,...Ch. 26.5 - 18. What causes the formation of the epilimnion,...Ch. 26.5 - Prob. 19CYPCh. 26.5 - Prob. 20CYPCh. 26.5 - Prob. 21CYPCh. 26.5 - 22. Give specific examples of indicator organisms...Ch. 26.5 - 23. Describe two methods of water analysis.Ch. 26.L1 - 1. Which of the following is not a major...Ch. 26.L1 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 26.L1 - 3. The quantity of available nutrients _______...Ch. 26.L1 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 26.L1 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 26.L1 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 26.L1 - 7. Which of the following bacteria would be the...Ch. 26.L1 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 26.L1 - 9. An oligotrophic ecosystem would be most likely...Ch. 26.L1 - 10. Which of the following does not vary...Ch. 26.L1 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 26.L1 - 2. Increased average water temperature in Lake...Ch. 26.L1 - Prob. 3CSRCh. 26.L1 - Prob. 1WCCh. 26.L1 - Prob. 2WCCh. 26.L1 - Prob. 3WCCh. 26.L1 - 4. Draw a diagram that follows the effects of CO2...Ch. 26.L1 - Prob. 5WCCh. 26.L1 - Prob. 6WCCh. 26.L2 - 1. Biologists can set up an ecosystem in a small,...Ch. 26.L2 - 2. Observe the carbon and nitrogen cycles and...Ch. 26.L2 - Prob. 3CTCh. 26.L2 - 4. Why are organisms in the abyssal zone of the...Ch. 26.L2 - 5. a. What eventually happens to the nutrients...Ch. 26.L2 - 6. If we are to rely on microorganisms to...Ch. 26.L2 - Prob. 1VCCh. 26.L2 - 2. From chapter 8, Figure 8.27. What process does...
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- An estimated 1000 kg of plant plankton are needed to produce 100 kg of animal plankton. The animal plankton is in turned consumed by 10 kg of fish, the amount needed by a person to gain 1 kg of body mass. i) explain why the amount of biomass declines at each successive trophic level.arrow_forwardTrophic levels Part A) In food chains and webs, what trophic level must you have more of than others. Part B) Each trophic level has how much LESS energy? Part C) Can an organism fill more than one trophic level? Explain your answer.arrow_forward1. Define biotic and abiotic factors of the environment. Give an example of each. 2. How do ecologists define the term ecosystem? 3. State the competitive exclusion principle. 4. Identify three different types of consumers. Name an example of each type. 5. Describe the role of decomposers in food webs. 6. What is a biogeochemical cycle? Name an example.arrow_forward
- 3. Which trophic level converts energy into biomass with the highest food-chain efficiency? A. the fifth trophic level (quaternary consumers) B. the fourth trophic level (tertiary consumers) C. the third trophic level (secondary consumers) D. the second trophic level (primary consumers) E. the first trophic level (producers)arrow_forwardThe process whereby oxygen is depleted by the growth of microorganisms due to excess nutrients in aquatic systems is called _________. a. dead zoning b. eutrophication c. retrophication d. depletionarrow_forwardPrimary productivity on land is affected by _______. a. nutrient availability c. temperature b. amount of sunlight d. all of the abovearrow_forward
- Organisms at the first trophic level ________. a. capture energy from a nonliving source b. are eaten by organisms at lower trophic levels c. are shown at the top of an energy pyramid d. are consumersarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements BEST describes energy transfer in an ecosystem? A. If the primary producer has 175,000 kcal available, the secondary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the primary consumer. B. If the primary consumer has 175,000 kcal available, the secondary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the primary consumer. C. If the primary consumer has 175,000 kcal available, the tertiary consumer will receive 175 kcal from the secondary consumer. D. If the primary producer has 175,000 kcal available, the tertiary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the secondary consumer.arrow_forwardAs a rule of thumb, about one-tenth of the energy or biomass consumed is stored at each trophic level. About how many kg of feed should it take to produce 1 kg of chicken meat that we eat? How much more energy should it take to provide you a meal of meat compared to vegetables?arrow_forward
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