African sleeping sickness or African trypanosomiasis is a disease endemic to Africa. It is caused by a flagellated protozoan, Trypanosomabrucei , and transmitted by the bite of its biological vector, the tsetse fly on human skin. The pathogenesis includes the multiplication of the T.brucei on the site where tsetse fly has attackedthe skin. After multiplying in number, these parasites enter the blood as well as lymphatic circulation and express different antigenic variations after each multiplication cycle. Due to the recurrent parasitic cycle and antibody production, subsequent involvement of the central nervous system occurs. Eventually, drooping of eyelids and sleepiness occur and cause fatality under extreme conditions.

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Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 26, Problem 9MC

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

African sleeping sickness or African trypanosomiasis is a disease endemic to Africa. It is caused by a flagellated protozoan, Trypanosomabrucei, and transmitted by the bite of its biological vector, the tsetse fly on human skin. The pathogenesis includes the multiplication of the T.brucei on the site where tsetse fly has attackedthe skin.

After multiplying in number, these parasites enter the blood as well as lymphatic circulation and express different antigenic variations after each multiplication cycle. Due to the recurrent parasitic cycle and antibody production, subsequent involvement of the central nervous system occurs. Eventually, drooping of eyelids and sleepiness occur and cause fatality under extreme conditions.

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19. On the diagram below a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA. b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing. c. Add the following details to the diagram. Promoter region TATA box Transcription start site Transcription terminator Intron (A,B,C,D) Exons (1,2,3,4,5) Splice sites 5' cap 5' UTR (untranslated region) 3' poly A tail 3' UTR (untranslated region) Translational start (AUG) Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA) N and C ends of polypeptide 0000

Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter labels are not used. MNNNNNNIN M C B A M D F E H K G 8

The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions. 1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction? 2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe: a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why? b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for? 3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale. 4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale. Mutation 1 Mutation 2

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Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 26, Problem 9MC

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

African sleeping sickness or African trypanosomiasis is a disease endemic to Africa. It is caused by a flagellated protozoan, Trypanosomabrucei, and transmitted by the bite of its biological vector, the tsetse fly on human skin. The pathogenesis includes the multiplication of the T.brucei on the site where tsetse fly has attackedthe skin.

After multiplying in number, these parasites enter the blood as well as lymphatic circulation and express different antigenic variations after each multiplication cycle. Due to the recurrent parasitic cycle and antibody production, subsequent involvement of the central nervous system occurs. Eventually, drooping of eyelids and sleepiness occur and cause fatality under extreme conditions.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 26, Problem 9MC

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

African sleeping sickness or African trypanosomiasis is a disease endemic to Africa. It is caused by a flagellated protozoan, Trypanosomabrucei, and transmitted by the bite of its biological vector, the tsetse fly on human skin. The pathogenesis includes the multiplication of the T.brucei on the site where tsetse fly has attackedthe skin.

After multiplying in number, these parasites enter the blood as well as lymphatic circulation and express different antigenic variations after each multiplication cycle. Due to the recurrent parasitic cycle and antibody production, subsequent involvement of the central nervous system occurs. Eventually, drooping of eyelids and sleepiness occur and cause fatality under extreme conditions.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 26, Problem 9MC

Summary Introduction