Physics: Principles with Applications
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780321625922
Author: Douglas C. Giancoli
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
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Chapter 26, Problem 63GP
The Sun
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The sun produces energy by nuclear fusion reactions, in which matter is converted into energy. By measuring the amount of energy we receive from the sun, we know that it is producing energy at a rate of 3.8 x 1026 W. (a) How many kilograms of matter does the sun lose each second? Approximately how many tons of matter is this (1 ton = 2000 lb)? (b) At this rate, how long would it take the sun to use up all its mass?
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The Sun's mass is1.989 ×10^8 and it radiates at a rate of 3.827×10^23 kW.
a) From this data, assuming it converts all its mass into energy, what is the estimate the lifetime of the Sun?
b) Theoretical calculations predict the Sun's lifetime (in its current stage) to be about 5 billion years. During that time, what percentage of its mass will it lose?
Chapter 26 Solutions
Physics: Principles with Applications
Ch. 26 - Prob. 1OQCh. 26 - Prob. 1QCh. 26 - Prob. 2QCh. 26 - Prob. 3QCh. 26 - Prob. 4QCh. 26 - Prob. 5QCh. 26 - Prob. 6QCh. 26 - Prob. 7QCh. 26 - Prob. 8QCh. 26 - Prob. 9Q
Ch. 26 - Prob. 10QCh. 26 - Prob. 11QCh. 26 - Prob. 12QCh. 26 - Prob. 13QCh. 26 - Prob. 14QCh. 26 - Prob. 15QCh. 26 - Prob. 16QCh. 26 - Prob. 17QCh. 26 - Prob. 18QCh. 26 - Prob. 19QCh. 26 - Prob. 20QCh. 26 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 26 - As rocket ship Adventure (MisConceptual Question...Ch. 26 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 26 - Which of the following will two observers in...Ch. 26 - 9. Two observers in different inertial reference...Ch. 26 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 11MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 12MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 13MCQCh. 26 - A spaceship passes you at a speed of 0.850c. You...Ch. 26 - A certain type of elementary particle travels at a...Ch. 26 - 3. (II) You travel to a star 135 light-years from...Ch. 26 - Prob. 4PCh. 26 - In an Earth reference frame, a star is 49...Ch. 26 - Prob. 6PCh. 26 - Prob. 7PCh. 26 - Prob. 8PCh. 26 - Prob. 9PCh. 26 - A star is 21.6 light-years from Earth. How long...Ch. 26 - Prob. 11PCh. 26 - Prob. 12PCh. 26 - Prob. 13PCh. 26 - Prob. 14PCh. 26 - How fast must a pion be moving on average to...Ch. 26 - Prob. 16PCh. 26 - Prob. 17PCh. 26 - A particle of mass m travels at a speed v = 0.22c....Ch. 26 - Prob. 19PCh. 26 - What is the percent change in momentum of a proton...Ch. 26 - Prob. 21PCh. 26 - Prob. 22PCh. 26 - Prob. 23PCh. 26 - Prob. 24PCh. 26 - Prob. 25PCh. 26 - Prob. 26PCh. 26 - Prob. 27PCh. 26 - Prob. 28PCh. 26 - (a) How much work is required to accelerate a...Ch. 26 - Prob. 30PCh. 26 - Prob. 31PCh. 26 - Prob. 32PCh. 26 - Prob. 33PCh. 26 - Prob. 34PCh. 26 - Prob. 35PCh. 26 - Prob. 36PCh. 26 - Prob. 37PCh. 26 - Prob. 38PCh. 26 - Prob. 39PCh. 26 - Prob. 40PCh. 26 - Prob. 41PCh. 26 - Prob. 42PCh. 26 - Prob. 43PCh. 26 - Prob. 44PCh. 26 - Prob. 45PCh. 26 - Prob. 46PCh. 26 - Prob. 47PCh. 26 - Prob. 48PCh. 26 - Prob. 49PCh. 26 - 50. (II) An observer on Earth sees an alien vessel...Ch. 26 - Prob. 51PCh. 26 - Prob. 52PCh. 26 - Prob. 53PCh. 26 - Prob. 54GPCh. 26 - Prob. 55GPCh. 26 - According to the special theory of relativity, the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 57GPCh. 26 - Prob. 58GPCh. 26 - Prob. 59GPCh. 26 - Prob. 60GPCh. 26 - Prob. 61GPCh. 26 - Prob. 62GPCh. 26 - The Sun radiates energy at a rate of about 4 x...Ch. 26 - Prob. 64GPCh. 26 - Prob. 65GPCh. 26 - Prob. 66GPCh. 26 - Prob. 67GPCh. 26 - The fictional starship Enterprise obtains its...Ch. 26 - Prob. 69GPCh. 26 - Prob. 70GPCh. 26 - Prob. 71GPCh. 26 - Prob. 72GPCh. 26 - Prob. 73GPCh. 26 - Prob. 74GPCh. 26 - 75. An astronaut on a spaceship traveling at...Ch. 26 - Prob. 76GPCh. 26 - Prob. 77GPCh. 26 - You are traveling in a spaceship at a speed of...Ch. 26 - Prob. 79GPCh. 26 - 80. An atomic clock is taken to the North Pole,...Ch. 26 - Prob. 81GP
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- (a) Calculate the energy released by the destruction of 1.00 kg of mass. (b) How many kilograms could be lifted to a 10.0 km height by this amount of energy?arrow_forward(a) Using data from Table 7.1, calculate the amount of mass converted to energy by the fusion of 1.00 kg of hydrogen. (b) What is the ratio of mass destroyed to the original mass, m/m ? (c) How does this compare with m/m for the fission of 1.00 kg of uranium?arrow_forward(a) Using data from Table 7.1, find the mass destroyed when the energy in a barrel of crude oil is released. (b) Given these barrels contain 200 liters and assuming the density of crude oil is 750 kg/m3, what is the ratio of mass destroyed to original mass, m/m ?arrow_forward
- A muon formed high in Earth's atmosphere travels toward Earth at a speed v = 0.990c for a distance of 4.60 km as measured by an observer at rest with respect to Earth. It then decays into an electron, a neutrino, and an antineutrino. (a) How long does the muon survive according to an observer at rest on Earth? (b) Compute the gamma factor associated with the muon. (c) How much time passes according to an observer traveling with the muon? (d) What distance does the muon travel according to an observer traveling with the muon? (e) A third observer traveling toward the muon at c/2 measures the lifetime of the particle. According to this observer, is the muons lifetime shorter or longer than the lifetime measured by the observer at rest with respect to Earth? Explain.arrow_forwardEnergy reaches the upper atmosphere of the Earth from the Sun at the rate of 1.79 1017 W. If all of this energy were absorbed by the Earth and not re-emitted, how much would the mass of the Earth increase in 1.00 yr?arrow_forwardHow long will the Sun shine, Nellie? The Sun radiates about 4.0 × 1026 J of energy into space each second. (a) How much mass is released as radiation each second? (b) If the mass of the Sun is 2.0 × 1030 kg, how long can the Sun survive if the energy release continues at the present rate?arrow_forward
- (a) Using data from Table 7.1, calculate the mass converted to energy by the fission of 1.00 kg of uranium. (b) What is the ratio of mass destroyed to the original mass, m/m ?arrow_forwardUsing data from Potential Energy of a System (http://cnx.org/content/m58312/latest/#fs-id1165036086155) , calculate the amount of mass converted to energy by the fusion of 1.00 kg of hydrogen. (b) What is the ratio of mass destroyed to the original mass, (c) How does this compare with for the fission of 1.00 kg of uranium?arrow_forwardIn fact, the conversion of mass to energy in the Sun is not 100% efficient. As we have seen in the text, the conversion of four hydrogen atoms to one helium atom results in the conversion of about 0.02862 times the mass of a proton to energy. How much energy in joules does one such reaction produce? (See Appendix E for the mass of the hydrogen atom, which, for all practical purposes, is the mass of a proton.)arrow_forward
- The sun energy at a rate of 3.85×10 26 W by the fusion of hydrogen. About 0.7% of each kilogram of hydrogen goes into the energy generated by the Sun. (a) How many kilograms of hydrogen undergo fusion each second? (b) If the sun is 90.0% hydrogen and half of this can undergo fusion before the sun changes character, how long could it produce energy at its current rate? (c) How many kilograms of mass is the sun losing per second? (d) What fraction of its mass will it have lost in the time found in part (b)?arrow_forwardA muon has a rest mass energy of 105.7 MeV, and it decays into an electron and a massless particle. (a) If all the lost mass is converted into the electron's kinetic energy, find for the electron. (b) What is the electron's velocity?arrow_forwardA spacecraft is launched from the surface of the Earth with a velocity of 0.600c at an angle of 50.0° above the horizontal, positive x-axis. Another spacecraft is moving past with a velocity of 0.700c in the negative x direction. Determine the magnitude and direction of the velocity of the first spacecraft as measured by the pilot of the second spacecraft.arrow_forward
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