Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780134477206
Author: Robert W. Bauman Ph.D.
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 26, Problem 5CT
Summary Introduction
To answer:
Why is it not surprising (even every niche of Earth is occupied with microbes) that genes of bacteria comprise a vast variety of genes.
Introduction:
The microbiome is a community of microorganisms. They are seen in the human body in the form of diverse complex structure. This microbial community is also seen in plants and animals. These microbiomes generally have a mutualistic relationship with humans, plants, and animals.
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Microbiologists have announced the discovery of over 30 new species of bacteria that thrive between the teeth and gums of humans. The bacteria could not be grown in the researcher's laboratories, nor were any of them ever observed via and kind of microscopy.
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The discovery and mass-production of antibiotics has triggered a revolution in medicine, decreasing hospitalization times, shortening the course of diseases, and ultimately increasing peoples' lifespans. However, soon after the first major antibiotic, penicillin, was put into widespread use around 1940, people soon found that some bacteria were tougher to kill, which were the first signs of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Over the years bacteria have been able to develop resistance against many different types of antibiotics, and some bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is resistant to almost every antibiotic in use today. Antibiotic resistance has become so severe that in 2014 the World Health Organization published a report that speculated of a "post-antibiotic era" where antibiotics were no longer a main method of disease treatment.
In this week's forum, please read summary of the World Health Organization's report (linked here and in the…
Chapter 26 Solutions
Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (5th Edition)
Ch. 26 - A blogger stated that germs (microorganisms) are...Ch. 26 - Compare human, animal, and plant pathogens that...Ch. 26 - Bioterrorism in the Mail? Of course, John had had...Ch. 26 - A microbiome is composed of _____. a. single, pure...Ch. 26 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26 - In the environment, nutrients are generally _____....Ch. 26 - Prob. 4MCCh. 26 - Prob. 5MCCh. 26 - Nitrification converts _____. a. organic nitrogen...Ch. 26 - Prob. 7MC
Ch. 26 - Which of the following diseases is not caused by...Ch. 26 - Of the following characteristics, which would...Ch. 26 - Anammox reactions are ____. a. anaerobic and pan...Ch. 26 - Modified True/False 1. _____ Biofilms of...Ch. 26 - Prob. 2MTFCh. 26 - Modified True/False 3. __________ Aquatic...Ch. 26 - Prob. 4MTFCh. 26 - Prob. 5MTFCh. 26 - Fill in the Blanks 1. Leaching of compounds from...Ch. 26 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 26 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 26 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 26 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 26 - Prob. 1VICh. 26 - Prob. 2VICh. 26 - Prob. 1CTCh. 26 - Microbes are found mostly in topsoil, but some are...Ch. 26 - Prob. 3CTCh. 26 - Prob. 4CTCh. 26 - Prob. 5CTCh. 26 - Using the following terms, fill in the following...
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- An example of bioremediation is A) the use of prokaryotes to treat sewage or clean up oil spills. B) the production of antibiotics by cultured prokaryotes. C) the application of bacteria to produce transgenic plants.arrow_forwardAll except which of the following are compared when looking at the sequence analysis of ribosomal components in microorganism as a way to determine relatedness? a)ribosomal amino acid sequence b)rRNA sequence c) rDNA sequence d) antibotic resistancearrow_forwardHow have rRNA sequencing studies improved our understanding of microbialdiversity?arrow_forward
- A4-month-old infant had been running a moderate fever for36 hours, and a nervous mother made a call to her pediatrician.Examination and tests revealed no outward signs of infectionor cause of the fever. The anxious mother wanted a prescription for antibiotics, but the pediatrician recommended watching the infant for two days before making a decision. He explained that decades of rampant use of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture has caused a global surge in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, drastically reducing the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy for infections. He pointed out that bacteria can exchange antibiotic resistance traits and that many pathogenic strains are now resistant to several antibiotics. The mother wasnot placated by these explanations and insisted that her baby receive antibiotics immediately. This situation raises several issues. Question How should the pediatrician balance his ethical responsibility to provide effective treatment to the present patient with…arrow_forwardA4-month-old infant had been running a moderate fever for36 hours, and a nervous mother made a call to her pediatrician.Examination and tests revealed no outward signs of infectionor cause of the fever. The anxious mother wanted a prescription for antibiotics, but the pediatrician recommended watching the infant for two days before making a decision. He explained that decades of rampant use of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture has caused a global surge in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, drastically reducing the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy for infections. He pointed out that bacteria can exchange antibiotic resistance traits and that many pathogenic strains are now resistant to several antibiotics. The mother wasnot placated by these explanations and insisted that her baby receive antibiotics immediately. This situation raises several issues. Question:If you were an anxious parent of the patient, would it change your mind if you learned that a woman died in 2016 from a…arrow_forwardA4-month-old infant had been running a moderate fever for36 hours, and a nervous mother made a call to her pediatrician.Examination and tests revealed no outward signs of infectionor cause of the fever. The anxious mother wanted a prescription for antibiotics, but the pediatrician recommended watching the infant for two days before making a decision. He explained that decades of rampant use of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture has caused a global surge in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, drastically reducing the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy for infections. He pointed out that bacteria can exchange antibiotic resistance traits and that many pathogenic strains are now resistant to several antibiotics. The mother wasnot placated by these explanations and insisted that her baby receive antibiotics immediately. This situation raises several issues. Question: If the infant was given antibiotics, how might this have contributed to the production of resistant bacteria?arrow_forward
- Bacteria contains - 1) double stranded RNA 2) single linear DNA 3) no RNA 4) single circular DNAarrow_forwardGenomic islands A) O contain genes of similar function B) O typically represent the flexible gene pool of a bacterial population C) O may possess genes related to pathogenicity or symbiosis D) O are typically acquired by horizontal gene transfer E) O All the above are correetarrow_forwardA recent study found that 480 Streptomyces strains freshly isolated from the soil are resistant to at least six different antibiotics. In fact, some isolates are resistant to 20 different antibiotic drugs.Why do you think these bacteria (which are neither pathogenic nor exposed to human use of antibiotics) are resistant to so many drugs? What might be the implications for human bacterial pathogens?arrow_forward
- There are three main ways that bacteria and archaea are essential to eukaryotic life. Explain the three different ways and give at least one example of each.arrow_forwardWhy do bacteria that are not genetically resistant to antibiotics die out when exposed to antibiotics?arrow_forward(a) Discuss the role of chromosomal islands in microbial diversity. (b) State three reasons why chromosomal islands are presumed to be of "foreign" origin.arrow_forward
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Bacterial Genomics and Metagenomics; Author: Quadram Institute;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6IdVTAFXoU;License: Standard youtube license