To answer:
The effect describes the fact that the microbiome (intestinal) of humans is stable over time (even intake of new microbes through food).
Introduction:
Microbiomes comprise
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Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (5th Edition)
- Many organisms in the Enterobacteriaceae family are part of the human gut flora. How does gut flora gain entry into the body? Give at least three examples.arrow_forwardWhat are all the different types of infections the following antibiotic resistant microbes associated with Carbapenme-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA)?arrow_forwardWe are outnumbered by the bacteria in our colon. Why don't they typically make us sick? a) They don't have enough food resources to thrive. Ob) The pH of the colon is too acidic. c) They do not prefer the environment of our intestine. d) The competition between microbes limits their pathogenicity (microbial antagonism).arrow_forward
- Most healthy and some abnormal gut microbiomes that have a high diversity of taxonomic groups are resistant to manipulation by probiotics and other therapeutic treatments such a fecal transplantation. Explain why these microbiomes are more likely to be resistant to manipulation.arrow_forwardMutant strains of Helicobacter pylori that lack the ability to produce urease fail to cause infection when they are swallowed. Infection occurs, however, if a tube is used to introduce them directly into the layer of mucus that overlies the stomach epithelium. What does this imply about the role of urease in the bacterium’s pathogenicity?arrow_forwardE.coli is part of the normal microbiota of the intestines and can cause gastroenteritis. Explain why this one bacterial species is both beneficial and harmful.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is incorrect? a. Mucosal surfaces are better than skin surfaces at supporting colonization by commensal microorganisms. b. The skin provides a larger surface area than mucosal surfaces for commensal microorganisms. c. There are ten times as many bacteria residing in the intestinal tract than the number of cells in the human body. d. It is common for commensal bacteria to live in symbiosis with their human hosts. e. During gestation in mammals, a fetus does not have any commensal microorganisms on their skin or mucosal surfaces.arrow_forwardDo "skinny microbes" exist? Explain why the Krebs cycle (also known as the TCA cycle) has been described as a metabolic "hub", and how for many years, people ignored the influence of the microbiome on mammalian metabolism.arrow_forwardOur environment contains masses of microorganisms, many of which reside as commensal organisms on our body’s mucosal and epithelial surfaces without causing disease. What two features distinguish a pathogenic microbe from these commensal microbes?arrow_forward
- Which of the following represents evidence linking gut microbiota to mental health problems? a) Overall, diet has little impact upon the microbial population within the gastrointestinal tract b) Foods such as plant-based foods/fruits and vegetables can positively modulate microbial composition and alter synthesis of anti-inflammatory metabolites c) High fat diets are typically protective against outcomes such as gut dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability ("leaky gut") and inflammation d) Fermented foods and probiotics should be avoided as they can negatively affect psychological healtharrow_forwardWhy is it difficult for the colon to reestablish a beneficial flora after several antibiotic treatments?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a zymogen? OA) Chymotrypsinogen. B) Proelastase. C) Enteropeptidase. OD) Trypsinogen.arrow_forward
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