Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781337571357
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 26, Problem 52P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The subunits which maintain connections between
Concept Introduction:
The full form of ATP is adenosine triphosphate which contains three phosphate groups. The energy in human beings is stored as ATP.
ATP is synthesized in mitochondria (called power house) by oxidative phosphorylation. It acts as a source of energy to carry out the biological process.
The full form of ADP is adenosine diphosphate which contains two phosphate groups. It is formed by the hydrolysis of ATP.
ATPase catalyzes the decomposition of the ATP into ADP.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
To learn more about the role of the electron transport chain in generating energy during respiration in this organism, you use two drugs. These drugs can each pick up electrons from specific intermediates in the pathway as shown above.
You treat cells carrying out respiration with either a saturating dose of drug A or B, so that all the electrons which would normally continue along the pathway are captured by the drug in question. Complete the following table.
In the presence of drug A, will the rate of ATP synthesis increase, decrease, or stay the same? Explain your reasoning.
In the presence of drug B, will the rate of ATP synthesis increase, decrease, or stay the same? Explain your reasoning.
A few hours after the death of an animal, the corpse will stiffen as a result of continued contraction of muscle tissue (this state is called rigor mortis). This phenomenon is the result of the loss of ATP production in muscle tissue.(a) Consult as shown and describe, in terms of the six-step model of muscle contraction, how a lack of ATP in sarcomeres would result in rigor mortis.(b) The Ca2+ transporter in sarcomeres that keeps the [Ca2+]∼10-7 Mrequires ATP to drive transport of Ca2+ ions across the membrane of thesarcoplasmic reticulum. How would a loss of this Ca2+ transport functionresult in the initiation of rigor mortis?(c) Rigor mortis is maximal at ∼12 hrs after death and by 72 hrs is nolonger observed. Propose an explanation for the disappearance of rigormortis after 12 hrs.
. Each gram of mammalian skeletal muscle consumes ATP at a rate of
about 1x 10-3 mol/min during contraction. Concentrations of
ATP and creatine phosphate in muscle are about 4 mM and 25 mM,
respectively, and the density of muscle tissue can be taken to be
about 1.2 g/cm'.
(a) How long could contraction continue using ATP alone?
(b) If all creatine phosphate were converted into ATP and utilized as
well, how long could contraction continue?
(c) What do these answers tell you?
Chapter 26 Solutions
Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 26.1QCCh. 26.2 - Prob. 26.2QCCh. 26.3 - Prob. 26.3QCCh. 26.4 - Prob. 26.4QCCh. 26.5 - Prob. 26.5QCCh. 26.6 - Prob. 26.6QCCh. 26.7 - Prob. 26.7QCCh. 26.8 - Prob. 26.8QCCh. 26 - Prob. 1PCh. 26 - Prob. 2P
Ch. 26 - Prob. 3PCh. 26 - Prob. 4PCh. 26 - Prob. 5PCh. 26 - Prob. 6PCh. 26 - (a) How many membranes do mitochondria have? (b)...Ch. 26 - Prob. 8PCh. 26 - Prob. 9PCh. 26 - Prob. 10PCh. 26 - Prob. 11PCh. 26 - Prob. 12PCh. 26 - Prob. 13PCh. 26 - Prob. 14PCh. 26 - What kind of chemical bond exists between the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 16PCh. 26 - Which atoms in the flavin portion of FAD are...Ch. 26 - NAD+ has two ribose units in its structure; FAD...Ch. 26 - Prob. 19PCh. 26 - The ribitol in FAD is bound to phosphate. What is...Ch. 26 - What kind Of chemical bond exists between the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 22PCh. 26 - Prob. 23PCh. 26 - Prob. 24PCh. 26 - Prob. 25PCh. 26 - Prob. 26PCh. 26 - Prob. 27PCh. 26 - Prob. 28PCh. 26 - Prob. 29PCh. 26 - Prob. 30PCh. 26 - Prob. 31PCh. 26 - Prob. 32PCh. 26 - Prob. 33PCh. 26 - Prob. 34PCh. 26 - Prob. 35PCh. 26 - Prob. 36PCh. 26 - Prob. 37PCh. 26 - Prob. 38PCh. 26 - Prob. 39PCh. 26 - Prob. 40PCh. 26 - Prob. 41PCh. 26 - Prob. 42PCh. 26 - Prob. 43PCh. 26 - Prob. 44PCh. 26 - Prob. 45PCh. 26 - Prob. 46PCh. 26 - Prob. 47PCh. 26 - Prob. 48PCh. 26 - Prob. 49PCh. 26 - Prob. 50PCh. 26 - Prob. 51PCh. 26 - Prob. 52PCh. 26 - Prob. 53PCh. 26 - A hexose (C6) enters the common metabolic pathway...Ch. 26 - Prob. 55PCh. 26 - Prob. 56PCh. 26 - Prob. 57PCh. 26 - Prob. 58PCh. 26 - Prob. 59PCh. 26 - Prob. 60PCh. 26 - Prob. 61PCh. 26 - Prob. 62PCh. 26 - Prob. 63PCh. 26 - Prob. 64PCh. 26 - Prob. 65PCh. 26 - Prob. 66PCh. 26 - Prob. 67PCh. 26 - Prob. 68PCh. 26 - Prob. 69PCh. 26 - What is the basic difference in the functional...Ch. 26 - Prob. 71PCh. 26 - Prob. 72PCh. 26 - Prob. 73PCh. 26 - Prob. 74PCh. 26 - Prob. 75PCh. 26 - Prob. 76PCh. 26 - Prob. 77PCh. 26 - Prob. 78PCh. 26 - Prob. 79PCh. 26 - Prob. 80PCh. 26 - Prob. 81PCh. 26 - Prob. 82PCh. 26 - Prob. 83PCh. 26 - Prob. 84PCh. 26 - Prob. 85PCh. 26 - Prob. 86PCh. 26 - Some soft drinks contain citric acid as flavoring....Ch. 26 - Prob. 88PCh. 26 - Prob. 89PCh. 26 - Prob. 90PCh. 26 - Prob. 91PCh. 26 - Prob. 92PCh. 26 - Prob. 93PCh. 26 - Prob. 94PCh. 26 - Prob. 95PCh. 26 - Prob. 96PCh. 26 - Prob. 97PCh. 26 - Why is it somewhat misleading to study biochemi-...Ch. 26 - Prob. 99PCh. 26 - Prob. 100PCh. 26 - Prob. 101PCh. 26 - Prob. 102PCh. 26 - Prob. 103PCh. 26 - Prob. 104PCh. 26 - Prob. 105PCh. 26 - Prob. 106PCh. 26 - Prob. 107PCh. 26 - Prob. 108PCh. 26 - Prob. 109PCh. 26 - Prob. 110PCh. 26 - Prob. 111PCh. 26 - Prob. 112P
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Put the following substances in the correct order in which they are first encountered in the common metabolic pathway: succinate, FeSP, CO2, FADH2.arrow_forwardHow many protons cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the following enzyme complex locations when two electrons from an FADH2 molecule are passed through the electron transport chain. a. Complex I b. Complex II c. Complex III d. Complex IVarrow_forwardThe AG" of the dephosphorylation of phosphocreatine is -43.0 kJ/mol. Phosphocreatine → creatine +Pi; -43.0kJ/mol When coupled to the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP (+30.5kJ/mol) ADP +Pi → ATP; +30.5 kJ/mol calculate the actual, physiological AG for the following reaction in kJ/mol: Phosphocreatine + ADP creatine + ATP at 37°C, with concentrations as follows: Phosphocreatine = 0.715 mM creatine = 0.566 mM ADP = 0.431 mM ATP = 2.382 mMarrow_forward
- The average adult consumes approximately 11,700 kJ per day. Assuming that the metabolic pathways leading to ATP synthesis operate at 50% thermodynamic efficiency, about 5850 kJ ends up in the form of synthesized ATP. The average adult consumes approximately 11,700 kJ per day. Assuming that the metabolic pathways leading to ATP synthesis operate at 50% thermodynamic efficiency, about 5850 kJ ends up in the form of synthesized ATP. Imagine that creatine phosphate, rather than ATP, is the universal energy carrier molecule in the human body. Assume that the cellular concentrations of creatine phosphate, creatine, and phosphate are 21.7 mM, 2.17×10-3 mM, and 6.30 mM, respectively. Calculate the weight of creatine phosphate that would need to be consumed each day by a typical adult human if creatine phosphate could not be recycled. Estimate the free energy of hyrdolysis of creatine phosphate under cellular conditions to determine how many moles are required. Use the standard…arrow_forwardRefer to the following reaction. The substrate of this reaction is called through a mechanism called "Feed Forward Activation". (A) Phosphoenolpyruvate, Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate Lactate, NADH OPO₂²- ADP ATP J = 4 O H₂C H₂C 2-phosphoglycerate, AMP Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, ATP and the enzyme is activated by high conc. ofarrow_forwardThe answer option for the drop down menu are citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis pathway, and glyoxylate cycle.arrow_forward
- Based on the following information for phosphoglucoisomerase, calculate the equilbrium constant and round to the nearest tenths place. R = 8.3145 J/mol⋅K ΔG∘’ = -14.2 kJ/molarrow_forwardSuppose complex III in the electron transport chain was mutated such it transported just 2 protons into the intermembrane space, but it was still able to oxidize and reduce its substrates. a) How many NADH molecules would need to be oxidized to generate 6 ATPS and transport them out of the mitochondrion? b) How many ATPS would be made per FADH2?arrow_forwardConsider the malate dehydrogenase reaction from the citric acid cycle. Given the listed concentrations, calculate the free energy change for this reaction at energy change for this reaction at 37.0 °C (310 K). AG' for the reaction is +29.7 kJ/mol. Assume that the reaction occurs at pH 7. [malate] = 1.25 mM [oxaloacetate] = 0.130 mM [NAD+] = 440 mM [NADH] = = 180 mM kJ.mol-¹ AG: X10 TOOLSarrow_forward
- The ΔG of ATP hydrolysis in a test tube under standard conditions is -7.3 kcal/mol. The ΔG for the reaction A+B C under the same conditions is +4.0 kcal/mol. How would the addition of an enzyme that catalyzes A+B C most likely alter the coupled reactions?arrow_forwardWhen the following reaction reached equilibrium the concentration of glucose 1-phosphate is 34mM, and the concentration of glucose 6-phosphate is 190mM. At standard temperatures and pressure, calculate the Keq and the ΔGo' glucose 6-phosphate <---(phosphoglucoisomerase)---> glucose 1-phosphate Keq= ΔGo' =arrow_forward3) Calculate the physiological AG for the reaction: Phosphocreatine + ADP - creatine + ATP at 25 °C as it occurs in the cytosol of neurons, in which phosphocreatine is present at 4.7 mM, creatine at 1.0 mM, ADP at 0.20 mM, and ATP at 2.6 mM, knowing that Phosphocreatine + H20 - creatine + Pi AG° = -43 kJ/mol and ATP + H20 ADP + Pi AG = -30.5 kJ/molarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,
- Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285869759
Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher:Cengage Learning
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285853918
Author:H. Stephen Stoker
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Organic And Biological Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305081079
Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)
Publisher:Cengage Learning,
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305960060
Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning