Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The meaning of the given symbols involved in the first step of the citric acid cycle is to be stated.
Concept Introduction:
Anabolism and catabolism are the two pathways of
In the Krebs cycle, acetyl-CoA helps to convert larger molecule of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates into smaller molecules. In each step of this cycle, a specific enzyme is involved.
(b)
Interpretation:
The common names of the three compounds involved in the first step of the citric acid cycle are to predicted.
Concept Introduction:
Anabolism and catabolism are the two pathways of metabolism. In anabolic pathway, large molecules are formed by the combination of small molecules. Anabolism is totally opposite to that of catabolism process. On the other hand, the catabolic pathway involves the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules.
In the Krebs cycle, acetyl-CoA helps to convert larger molecule of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates into smaller molecules. In each step of this cycle, a specific enzyme is involved.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 26 Solutions
Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
- How much energy is released as ATP from the complete oxidation of stearic acid (CH3(CH2)16COOH)?arrow_forwardThis step from the Citric Acid Cycle is a.... A) Oxidation step B) Reduction step C) Rearrangement step D) Electrophilic addition to alkene E) Elimination F) Substitution HO HO OH OH OH OH OHarrow_forwardQuestion #48arrow_forward
- In the citric acid cycle, a - ketoglutarate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reaction from a - ketoglutarate to Succinyl CoA. Given this reaction, calculate for the enthalpy of formation of the product using (a) Hess's Law, (b) standard enthalpies of formation and (c) mean bond enthalpies. Show your complete solution. COA-S OOC CH2 CH2 + NAD++ COA + CO2 + NADH CH2 a-ketoglutarate CH2 dehydrogenase COO a-ketoglutarate COO Succinyl CoAarrow_forwardExhibit A: Consider the reaction of alcohol dehydrogenase. CH3CH2OH + NAD* CH3CHO + NADH + H* Referring to exhibit A: Which molecule loses electrons? Ethanol NAD* H+ NADH Acetaldehydearrow_forwardTrypanosomes living in the bloodstream obtain all their free energy from glycolysis. They take up glucose from the host’s blood and excrete pyruvate as a waste product. In this part of their life cycle, trypanosomes do not carry out any oxidative phosphorylation, but they do use another oxygen-dependent pathway, which is absent in mammals, to oxidize NADH. Would this pathway be necessary if the trypanosome excreted lactate rather than pyruvate? Explain.arrow_forward
- Which process below produces FADH2? The citric acid cycle The conversion of pyruvate Oxidative Phosphorylation O Glycolysisarrow_forwardMark any/all processes that are reductions. O FADH2 → FAD O hydrogenation of fats FAD FADH2 NAD* NADH NADH NAD*arrow_forwardWhich intermediate in the citric acid cycle is a secondary alcohol? B) Two of the intermediates are secondary alcohols.arrow_forward
- Glucose-6-phosphate detours to the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway in erythrocytes because: Question 73 options: A) They lack mitochondria making them incapable of the TCA cycle B) They lack endoplasmic reticulum making them incapable of the TCA cycle C) Erythrocytes have no energy needs D) Erythrocytes utilize glucose directly for energyarrow_forwardThe average adult consumes approximately 11,700 kJ per day. Assuming that the metabolic pathways leading to ATP synthesis operate at 50% thermodynamic efficiency, about 5850 kJ ends up in the form of synthesized ATP. The average adult consumes approximately 11,700 kJ per day. Assuming that the metabolic pathways leading to ATP synthesis operate at 50% thermodynamic efficiency, about 5850 kJ ends up in the form of synthesized ATP. Imagine that creatine phosphate, rather than ATP, is the universal energy carrier molecule in the human body. Assume that the cellular concentrations of creatine phosphate, creatine, and phosphate are 21.7 mM, 2.17×10-3 mM, and 6.30 mM, respectively. Calculate the weight of creatine phosphate that would need to be consumed each day by a typical adult human if creatine phosphate could not be recycled. Estimate the free energy of hyrdolysis of creatine phosphate under cellular conditions to determine how many moles are required. Use the standard…arrow_forward. Each gram of mammalian skeletal muscle consumes ATP at a rate of about 1x 10-3 mol/min during contraction. Concentrations of ATP and creatine phosphate in muscle are about 4 mM and 25 mM, respectively, and the density of muscle tissue can be taken to be about 1.2 g/cm'. (a) How long could contraction continue using ATP alone? (b) If all creatine phosphate were converted into ATP and utilized as well, how long could contraction continue? (c) What do these answers tell you?arrow_forward
- General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry In FocusChemistryISBN:9781305084476Author:Tro, Nivaldo J., Neu, Don.Publisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning