BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781265202859
Author: BROOKER
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Chapter 26, Problem 4TY
The endosymbiosis hypothesis explaining the evolution of eukaryotic cells is supported by
- a. DNA-sequencing analysis comparing bacterial genomes, mitochondrial genomes, and eukaryotic nuclear genomes.
- b. naturally occurring examples of endosymbiotic relationships between bacterial cells and eukaryotic cells.
- c. the presence of DNA in mitochondria and cliloroplasts.
- d. all of the above.
- e. a and b only.
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One piece of supporting evidence for the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of eukaryotic cells is thata. eukaryotic cells have internal membranes.b. mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA.c. Golgi bodies and endoplasmic reticulum were present in ancestral cells.d. the nuclear membrane could only have come from another cell.
All living things are divided into three domains: bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. They have several traits that are specific to each domain or shared across the domains.
Based on this information, what traits would the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) be expected to have?
A. Nuclear envelope, introns in genes, and peptidoglycan in cell walls.
B. Histones associated with DNA, circular chromosome, and peptidoglycan in cell walls.
C. Unbranched hydrocarbons in membrane lipids, histones associated with DNA, and introns in genes.
D. Circular chromosome, unbranched hydrocarbons in membrane lipids, and one kind of RNA polymerase.
Which of the following statements supports the concept of the endosymbiotic theory?
A. Proteins may be trafficked within the endomembrane system.
B. Ribosomes are present in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
C. Chloroplasts have many features in common with bacteria.
D. Mitochondria can fuse together to form larger organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Chapter 26 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 26.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 26.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 26.2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 26.3 - What are the defining features of primates?Ch. 26.3 - Core Skill: Modeling The goal of this modeling...Ch. 26 - Prob. 1TYCh. 26 - Prob. 2TYCh. 26 - Prob. 3TY
Ch. 26 - The endosymbiosis hypothesis explaining the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 5TYCh. 26 - Which of the following explanations of...Ch. 26 - Prob. 7TYCh. 26 - Prob. 8TYCh. 26 - Prob. 9TYCh. 26 - Which of the following statements regarding modern...Ch. 26 - Prob. 1CQCh. 26 - Prob. 2CQCh. 26 - Core Concept: Evolution Describe two examples in...Ch. 26 - Discuss the factors that have contributed to the...Ch. 26 - Discuss how the human body has changed since the...
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- The endosymbiotic theory explains the:a. origin of the first prokaryotic cells.b. origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotes.c. evolutionary relationship between animals, plants, and fungi.d. method of reproduction in protists.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is the MOST compelling argument that fungi are more closely related to animals than plants? A. Plants have chloroplasts whereas fungi and animals cells do not. B. Plants fix carbon dioxide from the air; fungi and animals use pre-existing organic molecules. C. The DNA sequences of ribosomal RNA of fungi share more homology with ribosomal RNA from animals than plants. D. Both animal and fungal cells are eukaryotic.arrow_forward1. Serial endosymbiosis is the most supported theory on how the first eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells. The figure depicts the evolution of eukaryotic cells which include links to prokaryotic cells from early in the history of life. Identify the cellular structures involved in the connection of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Describe the characteristics of the cellular structures that supports the evolutionary connection. а.arrow_forward
- In its organization, chloroplast DNA is most similar to a. bacteria. b. archaea. c. nuclear DNA of plants. d. nuclear DNA of primitive eukaryotesarrow_forwardThe theory of the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts was first proposed by the biologist Lynn Which of the following statements provides support for the theory of endosymbiosis? 1. All the genes found in chloroplasts are homologous to genes found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cell. 2. Mitochondria contain their own ribosomes. 3. Proteins need a targeting sequence to be imported into a chloroplast. 4. Mitochondria can generate a proton gradient and harness it to synthesize ATP. O A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct.arrow_forwardWhat do the multiple branching points at the root of the eukaryotic phylogenetic tree indicate about the evolution of eukaryotes? A. that unikonts are derived from the SAR clade B. that Archaeplastids were the first eukaryotes C. that fungi are more closely related to plants than animals D. that eukaryotes are all descended from a common ancestorarrow_forward
- which of the following are evidence that chloroplasts and mitochondria originated by endosymbiosis? A they have bacterial type DNA molecules, to cyanobacteria and Rickettsiarespectively B. they have bacterial type ribosomes c. chloroplasts and mitochondria replicate independently from the cell (they are "semiindependent) D. All of the above e. None the above Find the mismatched pair. A. Prokaryotic Organisms --Naked DNA in space denominated the nucleoid B. Eukaryotic Organisms-genomic DNA c. Prokaryotic Diganismspolycistronic is unmodified prior to translation D. Eukaryotic Organisms-monocistronic mRNA is modified before being translated E. Prokaryotic Organisms-generaly interrupted by introns (non-protein-coding sequences)arrow_forwardSieve tubes and sieve elements are a. homoplastic because they have different function. b. homologous because they have similar function. c. homoplastic because their common ancestor was single-celled. d. structures involved in transport within animalsarrow_forwardWhich of the following observations would support the Darwinian theory for the evolution of cancer cells (select all that apply)? A. Mutations enable tumor cells to grow faster than normal cells. B. Cells within the tumor each have different mutation in RAS C. Cells isolated from a tumor are all found to have an inactivating mutation in a gene that is normally pro-apoptotic D. Cells of the same type isolated from a tumor are all found to have multiple identical mutations E. Cells of the same type isolated from a tumor are found to be genetically distinct and have different types of mutationsarrow_forward
- Spirochetes are free-living, anaerobic bacteria that contain spiral-shaped cells. Nematodes are roundworms that are incredibly diverse and, as a group, have adapted to survive in all environments. Which of the following statements accurately describes the DNA of both groups? A. The spirochaete genome is smaller than the nematode genome. B. Nematode DNA is circular. C. Spirochete chromosomes are composed of just DNA while nematode chromosomes also include specialized proteins. D. Spirochete DNA is linear.arrow_forwardIn this data table comparing DNA sequences among various protists, why do some cells have a dash rather than a value? A. Those cells would compare one species to itself. B. Those cells would duplicate comparisons shown elsewhere in the matrix. C. Those comparisons were not made by the researchers.arrow_forwardEvolutionary theory predicts that species are related, not independent. Four of the following examples provide support for this prediction, but one is irrelevant. Which of examples listed below does not support the claim that species are related? A. Many dinosaurs and other organisms went extinct following a huge asteroid impact at the end of the Cretaceous. B. Before synthetic insulin was available, diabetics used injections of purified pig insulin to manage their disease. C. The endostyle of lancelets (invertebrate chordates) and the thyroid gland of vertebrates develop similarly, and both produce iodinated proteins. D. All prokaryotes and eukaryotes use DNA to carry their genetic information. E. Ground squirrel species found on the North and South sides of the Grand Canyon are very similar to each other.arrow_forward
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Endosymbiotic Theory; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGnS-Xk0ZqU;License: Standard Youtube License