Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042282
Author: Paula Yurkanis Bruice
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 26, Problem 33P
RNAase, the enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of RNA, has two catalytically active histidine residues at its active site. One of the histidine residues is catalytically active in its acidic form, and the other is catalytically active in its basic form. Propose a mechanism for RNAase.
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Chapter 26 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
Ch. 26.1 - In acidic solutions, nucleosides are hydrolyzed to...Ch. 26.1 - Draw the structure for each of the following: a....Ch. 26.3 - Indicate whether each functional group of the five...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 4PCh. 26.3 - If one of the strands of DNA has the following...Ch. 26.4 - The 2',3-cyclic phosphodiester that is formed...Ch. 26.5 - Using a dark line for the original parental DNA...Ch. 26.7 - Why do both thymine and uracil specify the...Ch. 26.9 - If methionine is always the first amino acid...Ch. 26.9 - Four Cs occur in a row in the segment of mRNA...
Ch. 26.9 - UAA is a stop codon. Why does the UAA sequence in...Ch. 26.9 - Prob. 12PCh. 26.9 - Write the sequences of bases in the sense strand...Ch. 26.9 - List the possible codons on mRNA that speciy each...Ch. 26.10 - Adenine can be deaminated to hypoxanthine, and...Ch. 26.10 - Explain why thymine cannot be deaminated.Ch. 26.12 - Which of the following base sequences is most...Ch. 26 - What nonapeptide is coded for by the following...Ch. 26 - What is the sequence of bases in the template...Ch. 26 - Prob. 20PCh. 26 - A segment of DNA has 18 base pairs. It has 7...Ch. 26 - Name the following:Ch. 26 - Prob. 23PCh. 26 - Propose a mechanism for the following reaction:Ch. 26 - The first amino acid incorporated into a...Ch. 26 - Match the codon with the anticodon:Ch. 26 - a. Using the single-letter abbreviations for the...Ch. 26 - Which of the following pairs of dinucleotides are...Ch. 26 - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the...Ch. 26 - If a mRNA contained only U and G in random...Ch. 26 - Why is the codon a triplet rather than a doublet...Ch. 26 - RNAase, the enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis...Ch. 26 - The amino acid sequences of peptide fragments...Ch. 26 - Which cytosine in the following sense strand of...Ch. 26 - Prob. 36PCh. 26 - Sodium nitrite, a common food preservative (page...Ch. 26 - Why does DNA not unravel completely before...Ch. 26 - Staphylococcus nuclease is an enzyme that...
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- On complete hydrolysis, a polypeptide gives two alanine, one leucine, one methionine, one phenylalanine, and one valine residue. Partial hydrolysis gives the following fragments: Ala-Phe, Leu-Met, Val-Ala, Phe-Leu. It is known that the first amino acid in the sequence is valine and the last one is methionine. What is the complete sequence of amino acids?arrow_forwardAmine bases in nucleic acids can react with alkylating agents in typical SN2 reactions. Look at the following electrostatic potential maps, and tell which is the better nucleophile, guanine or adenine. The reactive positions in each are indicated.arrow_forward(a) An aliphatic aminoglycoside is relatively stable to base, but it is quickly hydrolyzed bydilute acid. Propose a mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis.NHHCH2RR2NH2 + sugarRHHOH OHOH Oan aliphatic ribosideH3O+ +(b) Ribonucleosides are not so easily hydrolyzed, requiring relatively strong acid.Using your mechanism for part (a), show why cytidine and adenosine (for example)are not so readily hydrolyzed. Explain why this stability is important for livingorganisms.arrow_forward
- Exposure to nitrous acid (see Section 19-16), sometimes found in cells, can convert cytosine to uracil.(a) Propose a mechanism for this conversion.(b) Explain how this conversion would be mutagenic upon replication.(c) DNA generally includes thymine, rather than uracil (found in RNA). Based on this fact, explain why the nitrous-acidinduced mutation of cytosine to uracil is more easily repaired in DNA than it is in RNA.*arrow_forwardDraw a diagram of the linear and ring structures of ribose. Show the biochemical mechanism of cyclization of each and name the resultant ring – including the ring type & anomeric carbon designation. Draw and name an amine version, reduced version, and oxidized version, either in ring or Fisher projection.arrow_forwardA chemist wanted to test his hypothesis that the disulfide bridges that form in many proteins do so after the minimum energy conformation of the protein has been achieved. He treated a sample of an enzyme that contained four disulfide bridges with 2-mercaptoethanol and then added urea to denature the enzyme. He slowly removed these reagents so that the enzyme could re-fold and re-form the disulfide bridges. The enzyme he recovered had 80% of its original activity. What would be the percent activity in the recovered enzyme if disulfide bridge formation were entirely random rather than determined by the tertiary structure? Does this experiment support his hypothesis?arrow_forward
- Chorismate mutase is an enzyme that promotes a pericyclic reaction by forcing the substrate to assume the conformation needed for the reaction. The product of the pericyclic reaction is prephenate that is subsequently converted into the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. What kind of a pericyclic reaction does chorismate mutase catalyze?arrow_forwardDuring base excision repair, DNA glycosylase cleaves theN-glycosidic link between the altered base and the deoxyribose component of the nucleotide. Draw a typical nucleotideand indicate which bond is cleaved.arrow_forwardHow many phosphoester (phosphate ester) and phosphoanhydride bonds are in adenosine and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)? For reference, the structure of ATP is shown. phosphoester bonds in adenosine: phosphoester bonds in ADP: phosphoanhydride bonds in adenosine:arrow_forward
- A normal polypeptide and a mutant of the polypeptide were hydrolyzed by an endopeptidase under the same conditions. The normal and mutant poly peptide differ by one amino acid. The fingerprints of the peptides obtained from the two polypeptides are shown below. What kind of amino acid substitution occurred as a result of the mutation? (That is, is the substituted amino acid more or less polar than the original amino acid? Is its pI lower or higher?)arrow_forwardDo not handwriting solution. Thank you!arrow_forwardDNA Replication1) Construct the complementary strand of DNA (strand II) that would pair with the DNA strand I sequence below. Remember that nucleotides are always added in the 5 prime to 3 prime direction. The base pairing rules are: DNA DNAadenine (A) always bonds with thymine (T) thymine (T) always bonds with adenine (A) guanine (G) always bonds with cytosine (C) cytosine (C) always bonds with guanine (G) STRAND I: 3’ T A C T A T A G T C T G T C T C C C A C T 5’ STRAND II: 5’ 3’arrow_forward
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Nucleic acids - DNA and RNA structure; Author: MEDSimplified;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lZRAShqft0;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY