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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The factor units involved in the process of transcription are to be stated.
Concept Introduction:
The term DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. Deoxyribonucleic acid is the most important
(b)
Interpretation:
The factor units involved in the process of translation are to be stated.
Concept Introduction:
The term RNA is stand for the ribonucleic acid. Ribonucleic acid is a type of biomolecule present inside the cell of living organism. The function of RNA is to synthesize protein by the process of translation.
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Chapter 26 Solutions
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
- Although RNA is single-stranded, the strand sometimes folds back on itself to give a complementary portion. What would be the complementary portion of the RNA fragment having the bases uracil-cytosine-guanine? A virus is a particle that contains DNA or RNA that is surrounded by a coat of protein that can replicate only in a host cell. The influencza virus shown in this electron microscope image is an RNA virus.arrow_forwardIn the flow of genetic information, what is meant by the terms transcription and translation?arrow_forward22-49 Based on your knowledge of the chemical properties of amino acid side chains, suggest a substitution for leucine in the primary structure of a protein that would probably not change the character of the protein very much.arrow_forward
- (i) Name four bases present in DNA.(ii) Which of them is not present in RNA.(iii) Give the structure of a nucleotide of DNA.arrow_forwardWhat are Chargaffs rules and how did they help Watson and Crick figure out the structure of DNAarrow_forwardThe composition in mole fraction units of the strands of a double-helical DNA is [A]= 0.30 and [G] = 0.24. A) What can you say about [T] and [C] for the same strand? B) What can you say about [A], [G], [T] and [C] of the complementary strand?arrow_forward
- Which statement best explains the chemical differencesbetween DNA and RNA? (a) DNA has two different sugarsin its sugar–phosphate backbone, but RNA only has one.(b) Thymine is one of the DNA bases, whereas RNA’s correspondingbase is thymine minus a methyl group. (c) TheRNA sugar–phosphate backbone contains fewer oxygenatoms than DNA’s backbone. (d) DNA forms double helicesbut RNA cannot.arrow_forwardProteins are unfolded (denatured) in the presence of urea. When urea is slowly removed from the protein solution, proteins often are refolded (renatured) to their native conformation. Explain this in terms of the relationship of the primary structure (sequence) and the tertiary structure of protein.arrow_forwardConsider a protein with five amino acids and three possible energy levels (separated by 1 J/mol) each amino acid can occupy. At what temperature will there be 45% of molecules in conformation A and 55% of molecules in conformation B? Comment on the size of this number and what distribution you would expect at room temperature. What does this mean about how "different" these energy levels are? Look back at the figure and propose an error made in reporting units. What energy unit would have likely been more appropriate in this case?arrow_forward
- HNDglag ) tNaOHCag)Naloag Caq)+ HoO Darrow_forwardThe carbon-nitrogen peptide bond is rigid, but rotation can take place about the N-C and the Co-C bonds in a protein (Co is the a carbon atom). These bond angles define the conformation of the peptide chain. Consider the Ramachandran plot to answer both questions. Which observation most likely describes part of an observed a helix? p = +60°; y +40°; many Gly residues = -60°; y = −47°; many Ala residues = = -57°; y = −47°; many Pro residues = -140°; y = +130°; many Val residues p = -59°; y = +150°; many Ser residues Which observations would not likely occur in a ẞ sheet? p = +60°; y = +60°; many Gly residues p = −57°; y = −49°; many Ala residues = -120°; y = +120°; many Tyr residues = -51°; y = +153°; many Gly and Pro residues p = −139°; y = +135°; many Val residues (degrees) 180 120 60 0 -60 -120 -180 -180 0 (degrees) 180arrow_forward1s²2s²2p¹arrow_forward
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