(a) Interpretation: The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be predicted. Concept introduction: The addition of a bromine atom in the given compound is known as bromination. Bromination occurs through an electrophilic substitution reaction. Bromine atom acts as an electrophile which causes the formation of sigma bond in the reaction.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 26, Problem 26.50AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The addition of a bromine atom in the given compound is known as bromination. Bromination occurs through an electrophilic substitution reaction. Bromine atom acts as an electrophile which causes the formation of sigma bond in the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The consecutive aldol condensation between benzil and substituted thiodiacetate gives thiophenes as the desired product followed by nucleophilic addition reaction. This reaction is known as Hinsberg reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of 2-aminobenzaldehydes with carbonyl compounds to form derivative of quinoline is known as Friedlander synthesis. The catalyst of the reaction is trifluoroacetic acid and Lewis acids.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The condensation reaction of aniline with diketones gives derivative of quinoline followed by ring closure of Schiff base intermediate. This reaction is known as Combes quinoline synthesis.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an aldehyde with β-ketoester in the presence of NH3 undergoes condensation to form dihydropyridine as the corresponding product. This reaction is known as Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of ortho-nitrotoulene with ethyloxalate followed by reduction with the help of Zn metal forms substituted indoles. This reaction is known as Reissert indole synthesis.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of ortho-iodoaniline with a substituted alkyne in the presence of palladium forms indoles as the corresponding product. This is a heteroannulation reaction which is known as Larsen-Chen indole synthesis.

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> You are trying to decide if there is a single reagent you can add that will make the following synthesis possible without any other major side products: 1. ☑ CI 2. H3O+ O Draw the missing reagent X you think will make this synthesis work in the drawing area below. If there is no reagent that will make your desired product in good yield or without complications, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Explanation Check ? DO 18 Ar B © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibility

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Consider a solution of 0.00304 moles of 4-nitrobenzoic acid (pKa = 3.442) dissolved in 25 mL water and titrated with 0.0991 M NaOH. Calculate the pH at the equivalence point

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 26, Problem 26.50AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The addition of a bromine atom in the given compound is known as bromination. Bromination occurs through an electrophilic substitution reaction. Bromine atom acts as an electrophile which causes the formation of sigma bond in the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The consecutive aldol condensation between benzil and substituted thiodiacetate gives thiophenes as the desired product followed by nucleophilic addition reaction. This reaction is known as Hinsberg reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of 2-aminobenzaldehydes with carbonyl compounds to form derivative of quinoline is known as Friedlander synthesis. The catalyst of the reaction is trifluoroacetic acid and Lewis acids.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The condensation reaction of aniline with diketones gives derivative of quinoline followed by ring closure of Schiff base intermediate. This reaction is known as Combes quinoline synthesis.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an aldehyde with β-ketoester in the presence of NH3 undergoes condensation to form dihydropyridine as the corresponding product. This reaction is known as Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of ortho-nitrotoulene with ethyloxalate followed by reduction with the help of Zn metal forms substituted indoles. This reaction is known as Reissert indole synthesis.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of ortho-iodoaniline with a substituted alkyne in the presence of palladium forms indoles as the corresponding product. This is a heteroannulation reaction which is known as Larsen-Chen indole synthesis.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 26, Problem 26.50AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The addition of a bromine atom in the given compound is known as bromination. Bromination occurs through an electrophilic substitution reaction. Bromine atom acts as an electrophile which causes the formation of sigma bond in the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The consecutive aldol condensation between benzil and substituted thiodiacetate gives thiophenes as the desired product followed by nucleophilic addition reaction. This reaction is known as Hinsberg reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of 2-aminobenzaldehydes with carbonyl compounds to form derivative of quinoline is known as Friedlander synthesis. The catalyst of the reaction is trifluoroacetic acid and Lewis acids.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The condensation reaction of aniline with diketones gives derivative of quinoline followed by ring closure of Schiff base intermediate. This reaction is known as Combes quinoline synthesis.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an aldehyde with β-ketoester in the presence of NH3 undergoes condensation to form dihydropyridine as the corresponding product. This reaction is known as Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of ortho-nitrotoulene with ethyloxalate followed by reduction with the help of Zn metal forms substituted indoles. This reaction is known as Reissert indole synthesis.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of ortho-iodoaniline with a substituted alkyne in the presence of palladium forms indoles as the corresponding product. This is a heteroannulation reaction which is known as Larsen-Chen indole synthesis.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 26, Problem 26.50AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The addition of a bromine atom in the given compound is known as bromination. Bromination occurs through an electrophilic substitution reaction. Bromine atom acts as an electrophile which causes the formation of sigma bond in the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The consecutive aldol condensation between benzil and substituted thiodiacetate gives thiophenes as the desired product followed by nucleophilic addition reaction. This reaction is known as Hinsberg reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of 2-aminobenzaldehydes with carbonyl compounds to form derivative of quinoline is known as Friedlander synthesis. The catalyst of the reaction is trifluoroacetic acid and Lewis acids.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The condensation reaction of aniline with diketones gives derivative of quinoline followed by ring closure of Schiff base intermediate. This reaction is known as Combes quinoline synthesis.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an aldehyde with β-ketoester in the presence of NH3 undergoes condensation to form dihydropyridine as the corresponding product. This reaction is known as Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of ortho-nitrotoulene with ethyloxalate followed by reduction with the help of Zn metal forms substituted indoles. This reaction is known as Reissert indole synthesis.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of ortho-iodoaniline with a substituted alkyne in the presence of palladium forms indoles as the corresponding product. This is a heteroannulation reaction which is known as Larsen-Chen indole synthesis.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 26, Problem 26.50AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The addition of a bromine atom in the given compound is known as bromination. Bromination occurs through an electrophilic substitution reaction. Bromine atom acts as an electrophile which causes the formation of sigma bond in the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The consecutive aldol condensation between benzil and substituted thiodiacetate gives thiophenes as the desired product followed by nucleophilic addition reaction. This reaction is known as Hinsberg reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of 2-aminobenzaldehydes with carbonyl compounds to form derivative of quinoline is known as Friedlander synthesis. The catalyst of the reaction is trifluoroacetic acid and Lewis acids.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The condensation reaction of aniline with diketones gives derivative of quinoline followed by ring closure of Schiff base intermediate. This reaction is known as Combes quinoline synthesis.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an aldehyde with β-ketoester in the presence of NH3 undergoes condensation to form dihydropyridine as the corresponding product. This reaction is known as Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of ortho-nitrotoulene with ethyloxalate followed by reduction with the help of Zn metal forms substituted indoles. This reaction is known as Reissert indole synthesis.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of ortho-iodoaniline with a substituted alkyne in the presence of palladium forms indoles as the corresponding product. This is a heteroannulation reaction which is known as Larsen-Chen indole synthesis.

Answer 6

Chapter 26, Problem 26.50AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The addition of a bromine atom in the given compound is known as bromination. Bromination occurs through an electrophilic substitution reaction. Bromine atom acts as an electrophile which causes the formation of sigma bond in the reaction.

Answer 7

Chapter 26, Problem 26.50AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The addition of a bromine atom in the given compound is known as bromination. Bromination occurs through an electrophilic substitution reaction. Bromine atom acts as an electrophile which causes the formation of sigma bond in the reaction.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The consecutive aldol condensation between benzil and substituted thiodiacetate gives thiophenes as the desired product followed by nucleophilic addition reaction. This reaction is known as Hinsberg reaction.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The consecutive aldol condensation between benzil and substituted thiodiacetate gives thiophenes as the desired product followed by nucleophilic addition reaction. This reaction is known as Hinsberg reaction.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of 2-aminobenzaldehydes with carbonyl compounds to form derivative of quinoline is known as Friedlander synthesis. The catalyst of the reaction is trifluoroacetic acid and Lewis acids.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of 2-aminobenzaldehydes with carbonyl compounds to form derivative of quinoline is known as Friedlander synthesis. The catalyst of the reaction is trifluoroacetic acid and Lewis acids.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The condensation reaction of aniline with diketones gives derivative of quinoline followed by ring closure of Schiff base intermediate. This reaction is known as Combes quinoline synthesis.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The condensation reaction of aniline with diketones gives derivative of quinoline followed by ring closure of Schiff base intermediate. This reaction is known as Combes quinoline synthesis.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an aldehyde with β-ketoester in the presence of NH3 undergoes condensation to form dihydropyridine as the corresponding product. This reaction is known as Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an aldehyde with β-ketoester in the presence of NH3 undergoes condensation to form dihydropyridine as the corresponding product. This reaction is known as Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis.

Answer 16

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of ortho-nitrotoulene with ethyloxalate followed by reduction with the help of Zn metal forms substituted indoles. This reaction is known as Reissert indole synthesis.

Answer 17

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of ortho-nitrotoulene with ethyloxalate followed by reduction with the help of Zn metal forms substituted indoles. This reaction is known as Reissert indole synthesis.

Answer 18

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of ortho-iodoaniline with a substituted alkyne in the presence of palladium forms indoles as the corresponding product. This is a heteroannulation reaction which is known as Larsen-Chen indole synthesis.

Answer 19

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of ortho-iodoaniline with a substituted alkyne in the presence of palladium forms indoles as the corresponding product. This is a heteroannulation reaction which is known as Larsen-Chen indole synthesis.

Answer 20

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 21

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 22

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Answer 23

Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.1P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.2P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.3P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.4P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.5P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.6P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.7P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.8P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.9P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept explainers

(f)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of ortho-nitrotoulene with ethyloxalate followed by reduction with the help of Zn metal forms substituted indoles. This reaction is known as Reissert indole synthesis.

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Chapter 26 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains that the curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept explainers

(d) Interpretation: The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated. Concept introduction: The condensation reaction of aniline with diketones gives derivative of quinoline followed by ring closure of Schiff base intermediate. This reaction is known as Combes quinoline synthesis.

(f) Interpretation: The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated. Concept introduction: The reaction of ortho-nitrotoulene with ethyloxalate followed by reduction with the help of Zn metal forms substituted indoles. This reaction is known as Reissert indole synthesis.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 26 Solutions

(f)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of ortho-nitrotoulene with ethyloxalate followed by reduction with the help of Zn metal forms substituted indoles. This reaction is known as Reissert indole synthesis.