Chapter 26, Problem 26.17P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The route of synthesis of $3\text{-}$ methyl $\text{-4-}$ nitropyridine from $\beta \text{-}$ picoline is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which an electrophile replaces another functional group is called the electrophilic substitution reaction. When the electrophilic substitution happens on an aromatic ring such as benzene then the reaction is known as electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The route of synthesis of $\text{4-}$ methyl $\text{-}3\text{-}$ nitropyridine from $\gamma \text{-}$ picoline is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which an electrophile replaces another functional group is called the electrophilic substitution reaction. When the electrophilic substitution happens on an aromatic ring such as benzene then the reaction is known as electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The route of synthesis of $2\text{-}\left(\text{pyridin-2-yl}\right)\text{acetic}\text{acid}$ from $\alpha \text{-}$ picoline is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The nucleophilic substitution reactions depend upon the nucleophilicity and concentration of the nucleophile. There are two types of nucleophilic substitution reaction.

The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction is a nucleophilic substitution bimolecular single step reaction in which the addition of nucleophile and removal of leaving group takes place simultaneously.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The route of synthesis of $3\text{-}$ aminopyridine from $\beta \text{-}$ picoline is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The rearrangement in which acyl azides $\left(\text{RCO}-{\text{N}}_{\text{3}}\right)$ undergoes a reaction to form the amines is known as Curtius rearrangement. Acyl azide is heated in benzene or toluene, inert solvent, which results in a loss of nitrogen to form isocyanate $\left(\text{R}-\text{N}=\text{C}=\text{O}\right)$. The acid or base hydrolysis converts the isocynate products into amines.