(a) Interpretation: From the given monomers which monomer will undergo anionic polymerization is to be given. Concept introduction: In any free radical polymerization reaction generally, three steps are involved viz. initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step, free radicals are generated from either monomer or from another compound such as hydrogen peroxide or benzoyl peroxide called a radical initiator instead of radical cations and anions also used for this purpose. In propagation, step radicals react with the monomer to grow the chain to build up polymer and this process is called a chain-growth polymerization or addition polymerization. If the polymerization reaction is initiated by cation, then it called cationic polymerization and when the anion is used, it called anionic polymerization. Generally, the vinyl monomer will undergo anionic polymerization when the electron-withdrawing group(s) are attached to the C=C bond and it will undergo cationic polymerization when the electron-donating group(s) are attached to the C=C bond. The addition (cationic or anionic) which forms more stable species will undergo that type of polymerization readily. The cation will be generated by electrophilic-addition of the electrophile, E + across the C=C bond and an anion is generated by nucleophilic addition of nucleophile, Nu - .

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Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 26, Problem 26.38P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

From the given monomers which monomer will undergo anionic polymerization is to be given.

Concept introduction:

In any free radical polymerization reaction generally, three steps are involved viz. initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step, free radicals are generated from either monomer or from another compound such as hydrogen peroxide or benzoyl peroxide called a radical initiator instead of radical cations and anions also used for this purpose. In propagation, step radicals react with the monomer to grow the chain to build up polymer and this process is called a chain-growth polymerization or addition polymerization. If the polymerization reaction is initiated by cation, then it called cationic polymerization and when the anion is used, it called anionic polymerization. Generally, the vinyl monomer will undergo anionic polymerization when the electron-withdrawing group(s) are attached to the C=C bond and it will undergo cationic polymerization when the electron-donating group(s) are attached to the C=C bond. The addition (cationic or anionic) which forms more stable species will undergo that type of polymerization readily. The cation will be generated by electrophilic-addition of the electrophile, E+ across the C=C bond and an anion is generated by nucleophilic addition of nucleophile, Nu-.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

From the given monomer which monomer will undergo cationic polymerization is to be given.

Concept introduction:

In any free radical polymerization reaction generally, three steps are involved viz. initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step, free radicals are generated from either monomer or from another compound such as hydrogen peroxide or benzoyl peroxide called a radical initiator instead of radical cations and anions also used for this purpose. In propagation, step radicals react with the monomer to grow the chain to build up polymer and this process is called a chain-growth polymerization or addition polymerization. If the polymerization reaction is initiated by cation, then it called cationic polymerization and when the anion is used, it called anionic polymerization. Generally, the vinyl monomer will undergo anionic polymerization when the electron-withdrawing group(s) are attached to the C=C bond and it will undergo cationic polymerization when the electron-donating group(s) are attached to the C=C bond. The addition (cationic or anionic) which forms more stable species will undergo that type of polymerization readily. The cation will be generated by electrophilic-addition of the electrophile, E+ across the C=C bond and an anion is generated by nucleophilic addition of nucleophile, Nu-.

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The emission data in cps displayed in Table 1 is reported to two decimal places by the chemist. However, the instrument output is shown in Table 2. Table 2. Iron emission from ICP-AES Sample Blank Standard Emission, cps 579.503252562 9308340.13122 Unknown Sample 343.232365741 Did the chemist make the correct choice in how they choose to display the data up in Table 1? Choose the best explanation from the choices below. No. Since the instrument calculates 12 digits for all values, they should all be kept and not truncated. Doing so would eliminate significant information. No. Since the instrument calculates 5 decimal places for the standard, all of the values should be limited to the same number. The other decimal places are not significant for the blank and unknown sample. Yes. The way Saman made the standards was limited by the 250-mL volumetric flask. This glassware can report values to 2 decimal places, and this establishes our number of significant figures. Yes. Instrumental data…

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Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 26, Problem 26.38P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

From the given monomers which monomer will undergo anionic polymerization is to be given.

Concept introduction:

In any free radical polymerization reaction generally, three steps are involved viz. initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step, free radicals are generated from either monomer or from another compound such as hydrogen peroxide or benzoyl peroxide called a radical initiator instead of radical cations and anions also used for this purpose. In propagation, step radicals react with the monomer to grow the chain to build up polymer and this process is called a chain-growth polymerization or addition polymerization. If the polymerization reaction is initiated by cation, then it called cationic polymerization and when the anion is used, it called anionic polymerization. Generally, the vinyl monomer will undergo anionic polymerization when the electron-withdrawing group(s) are attached to the C=C bond and it will undergo cationic polymerization when the electron-donating group(s) are attached to the C=C bond. The addition (cationic or anionic) which forms more stable species will undergo that type of polymerization readily. The cation will be generated by electrophilic-addition of the electrophile, E+ across the C=C bond and an anion is generated by nucleophilic addition of nucleophile, Nu-.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

From the given monomer which monomer will undergo cationic polymerization is to be given.

Concept introduction:

In any free radical polymerization reaction generally, three steps are involved viz. initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step, free radicals are generated from either monomer or from another compound such as hydrogen peroxide or benzoyl peroxide called a radical initiator instead of radical cations and anions also used for this purpose. In propagation, step radicals react with the monomer to grow the chain to build up polymer and this process is called a chain-growth polymerization or addition polymerization. If the polymerization reaction is initiated by cation, then it called cationic polymerization and when the anion is used, it called anionic polymerization. Generally, the vinyl monomer will undergo anionic polymerization when the electron-withdrawing group(s) are attached to the C=C bond and it will undergo cationic polymerization when the electron-donating group(s) are attached to the C=C bond. The addition (cationic or anionic) which forms more stable species will undergo that type of polymerization readily. The cation will be generated by electrophilic-addition of the electrophile, E+ across the C=C bond and an anion is generated by nucleophilic addition of nucleophile, Nu-.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 26, Problem 26.38P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

From the given monomers which monomer will undergo anionic polymerization is to be given.

Concept introduction:

In any free radical polymerization reaction generally, three steps are involved viz. initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step, free radicals are generated from either monomer or from another compound such as hydrogen peroxide or benzoyl peroxide called a radical initiator instead of radical cations and anions also used for this purpose. In propagation, step radicals react with the monomer to grow the chain to build up polymer and this process is called a chain-growth polymerization or addition polymerization. If the polymerization reaction is initiated by cation, then it called cationic polymerization and when the anion is used, it called anionic polymerization. Generally, the vinyl monomer will undergo anionic polymerization when the electron-withdrawing group(s) are attached to the C=C bond and it will undergo cationic polymerization when the electron-donating group(s) are attached to the C=C bond. The addition (cationic or anionic) which forms more stable species will undergo that type of polymerization readily. The cation will be generated by electrophilic-addition of the electrophile, E+ across the C=C bond and an anion is generated by nucleophilic addition of nucleophile, Nu-.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

From the given monomer which monomer will undergo cationic polymerization is to be given.

Concept introduction:

In any free radical polymerization reaction generally, three steps are involved viz. initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step, free radicals are generated from either monomer or from another compound such as hydrogen peroxide or benzoyl peroxide called a radical initiator instead of radical cations and anions also used for this purpose. In propagation, step radicals react with the monomer to grow the chain to build up polymer and this process is called a chain-growth polymerization or addition polymerization. If the polymerization reaction is initiated by cation, then it called cationic polymerization and when the anion is used, it called anionic polymerization. Generally, the vinyl monomer will undergo anionic polymerization when the electron-withdrawing group(s) are attached to the C=C bond and it will undergo cationic polymerization when the electron-donating group(s) are attached to the C=C bond. The addition (cationic or anionic) which forms more stable species will undergo that type of polymerization readily. The cation will be generated by electrophilic-addition of the electrophile, E+ across the C=C bond and an anion is generated by nucleophilic addition of nucleophile, Nu-.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 26, Problem 26.38P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

From the given monomers which monomer will undergo anionic polymerization is to be given.

Concept introduction:

In any free radical polymerization reaction generally, three steps are involved viz. initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step, free radicals are generated from either monomer or from another compound such as hydrogen peroxide or benzoyl peroxide called a radical initiator instead of radical cations and anions also used for this purpose. In propagation, step radicals react with the monomer to grow the chain to build up polymer and this process is called a chain-growth polymerization or addition polymerization. If the polymerization reaction is initiated by cation, then it called cationic polymerization and when the anion is used, it called anionic polymerization. Generally, the vinyl monomer will undergo anionic polymerization when the electron-withdrawing group(s) are attached to the C=C bond and it will undergo cationic polymerization when the electron-donating group(s) are attached to the C=C bond. The addition (cationic or anionic) which forms more stable species will undergo that type of polymerization readily. The cation will be generated by electrophilic-addition of the electrophile, E+ across the C=C bond and an anion is generated by nucleophilic addition of nucleophile, Nu-.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

From the given monomer which monomer will undergo cationic polymerization is to be given.

Concept introduction:

In any free radical polymerization reaction generally, three steps are involved viz. initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step, free radicals are generated from either monomer or from another compound such as hydrogen peroxide or benzoyl peroxide called a radical initiator instead of radical cations and anions also used for this purpose. In propagation, step radicals react with the monomer to grow the chain to build up polymer and this process is called a chain-growth polymerization or addition polymerization. If the polymerization reaction is initiated by cation, then it called cationic polymerization and when the anion is used, it called anionic polymerization. Generally, the vinyl monomer will undergo anionic polymerization when the electron-withdrawing group(s) are attached to the C=C bond and it will undergo cationic polymerization when the electron-donating group(s) are attached to the C=C bond. The addition (cationic or anionic) which forms more stable species will undergo that type of polymerization readily. The cation will be generated by electrophilic-addition of the electrophile, E+ across the C=C bond and an anion is generated by nucleophilic addition of nucleophile, Nu-.

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Answer 5

Chapter 26, Problem 26.38P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

From the given monomers which monomer will undergo anionic polymerization is to be given.

Concept introduction:

In any free radical polymerization reaction generally, three steps are involved viz. initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step, free radicals are generated from either monomer or from another compound such as hydrogen peroxide or benzoyl peroxide called a radical initiator instead of radical cations and anions also used for this purpose. In propagation, step radicals react with the monomer to grow the chain to build up polymer and this process is called a chain-growth polymerization or addition polymerization. If the polymerization reaction is initiated by cation, then it called cationic polymerization and when the anion is used, it called anionic polymerization. Generally, the vinyl monomer will undergo anionic polymerization when the electron-withdrawing group(s) are attached to the C=C bond and it will undergo cationic polymerization when the electron-donating group(s) are attached to the C=C bond. The addition (cationic or anionic) which forms more stable species will undergo that type of polymerization readily. The cation will be generated by electrophilic-addition of the electrophile, E+ across the C=C bond and an anion is generated by nucleophilic addition of nucleophile, Nu-.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

From the given monomer which monomer will undergo cationic polymerization is to be given.

Concept introduction:

In any free radical polymerization reaction generally, three steps are involved viz. initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step, free radicals are generated from either monomer or from another compound such as hydrogen peroxide or benzoyl peroxide called a radical initiator instead of radical cations and anions also used for this purpose. In propagation, step radicals react with the monomer to grow the chain to build up polymer and this process is called a chain-growth polymerization or addition polymerization. If the polymerization reaction is initiated by cation, then it called cationic polymerization and when the anion is used, it called anionic polymerization. Generally, the vinyl monomer will undergo anionic polymerization when the electron-withdrawing group(s) are attached to the C=C bond and it will undergo cationic polymerization when the electron-donating group(s) are attached to the C=C bond. The addition (cationic or anionic) which forms more stable species will undergo that type of polymerization readily. The cation will be generated by electrophilic-addition of the electrophile, E+ across the C=C bond and an anion is generated by nucleophilic addition of nucleophile, Nu-.

Answer 6

Chapter 26, Problem 26.38P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

From the given monomers which monomer will undergo anionic polymerization is to be given.

Concept introduction:

In any free radical polymerization reaction generally, three steps are involved viz. initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step, free radicals are generated from either monomer or from another compound such as hydrogen peroxide or benzoyl peroxide called a radical initiator instead of radical cations and anions also used for this purpose. In propagation, step radicals react with the monomer to grow the chain to build up polymer and this process is called a chain-growth polymerization or addition polymerization. If the polymerization reaction is initiated by cation, then it called cationic polymerization and when the anion is used, it called anionic polymerization. Generally, the vinyl monomer will undergo anionic polymerization when the electron-withdrawing group(s) are attached to the C=C bond and it will undergo cationic polymerization when the electron-donating group(s) are attached to the C=C bond. The addition (cationic or anionic) which forms more stable species will undergo that type of polymerization readily. The cation will be generated by electrophilic-addition of the electrophile, E+ across the C=C bond and an anion is generated by nucleophilic addition of nucleophile, Nu-.

Answer 7

Chapter 26, Problem 26.38P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

From the given monomers which monomer will undergo anionic polymerization is to be given.

Concept introduction:

In any free radical polymerization reaction generally, three steps are involved viz. initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step, free radicals are generated from either monomer or from another compound such as hydrogen peroxide or benzoyl peroxide called a radical initiator instead of radical cations and anions also used for this purpose. In propagation, step radicals react with the monomer to grow the chain to build up polymer and this process is called a chain-growth polymerization or addition polymerization. If the polymerization reaction is initiated by cation, then it called cationic polymerization and when the anion is used, it called anionic polymerization. Generally, the vinyl monomer will undergo anionic polymerization when the electron-withdrawing group(s) are attached to the C=C bond and it will undergo cationic polymerization when the electron-donating group(s) are attached to the C=C bond. The addition (cationic or anionic) which forms more stable species will undergo that type of polymerization readily. The cation will be generated by electrophilic-addition of the electrophile, E+ across the C=C bond and an anion is generated by nucleophilic addition of nucleophile, Nu-.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

From the given monomer which monomer will undergo cationic polymerization is to be given.

Concept introduction:

In any free radical polymerization reaction generally, three steps are involved viz. initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step, free radicals are generated from either monomer or from another compound such as hydrogen peroxide or benzoyl peroxide called a radical initiator instead of radical cations and anions also used for this purpose. In propagation, step radicals react with the monomer to grow the chain to build up polymer and this process is called a chain-growth polymerization or addition polymerization. If the polymerization reaction is initiated by cation, then it called cationic polymerization and when the anion is used, it called anionic polymerization. Generally, the vinyl monomer will undergo anionic polymerization when the electron-withdrawing group(s) are attached to the C=C bond and it will undergo cationic polymerization when the electron-donating group(s) are attached to the C=C bond. The addition (cationic or anionic) which forms more stable species will undergo that type of polymerization readily. The cation will be generated by electrophilic-addition of the electrophile, E+ across the C=C bond and an anion is generated by nucleophilic addition of nucleophile, Nu-.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

From the given monomer which monomer will undergo cationic polymerization is to be given.

Concept introduction:

In any free radical polymerization reaction generally, three steps are involved viz. initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step, free radicals are generated from either monomer or from another compound such as hydrogen peroxide or benzoyl peroxide called a radical initiator instead of radical cations and anions also used for this purpose. In propagation, step radicals react with the monomer to grow the chain to build up polymer and this process is called a chain-growth polymerization or addition polymerization. If the polymerization reaction is initiated by cation, then it called cationic polymerization and when the anion is used, it called anionic polymerization. Generally, the vinyl monomer will undergo anionic polymerization when the electron-withdrawing group(s) are attached to the C=C bond and it will undergo cationic polymerization when the electron-donating group(s) are attached to the C=C bond. The addition (cationic or anionic) which forms more stable species will undergo that type of polymerization readily. The cation will be generated by electrophilic-addition of the electrophile, E+ across the C=C bond and an anion is generated by nucleophilic addition of nucleophile, Nu-.

Answer 10

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Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.1P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.2P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.3P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.4P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.5P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.6P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.7P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.8P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.9P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.10P

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