EBK LOOSE-LEAF VERSION OF UNIVERSE
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319227975
Author: KAUFMANN
Publisher: VST
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Chapter 26, Problem 23Q
To determine
To explain: The relation between the cosmic microwave background nowadays and the antiparticle and particle at the beginning of the universe.
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Explain briefly the main physical processes that occurred in the era of recombination. If the
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is a perfect black body and today has a temperature T = 2.725 K. State the peak wavelength at
which the Universe emitted its radiation during the era of recombination, expressing your answer
in nm.
State the three problems of the Hot Big Bang model in cosmology, and briefly explain how inflation solves these problems.
Explain how astronomers determined that the universe is expanding.
Chapter 26 Solutions
EBK LOOSE-LEAF VERSION OF UNIVERSE
Ch. 26 - Prob. 1CCCh. 26 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26 - Prob. 3CCCh. 26 - Prob. 4CCCh. 26 - Prob. 5CCCh. 26 - Prob. 6CCCh. 26 - Prob. 7CCCh. 26 - Prob. 8CCCh. 26 - Prob. 9CCCh. 26 - Prob. 10CC
Ch. 26 - Prob. 11CCCh. 26 - Prob. 12CCCh. 26 - Prob. 1QCh. 26 - Prob. 2QCh. 26 - Prob. 3QCh. 26 - Prob. 4QCh. 26 - Prob. 6QCh. 26 - Prob. 7QCh. 26 - Prob. 8QCh. 26 - Prob. 9QCh. 26 - Prob. 10QCh. 26 - Prob. 11QCh. 26 - Prob. 12QCh. 26 - Prob. 13QCh. 26 - Prob. 14QCh. 26 - Prob. 15QCh. 26 - Prob. 16QCh. 26 - Prob. 17QCh. 26 - Prob. 18QCh. 26 - Prob. 19QCh. 26 - Prob. 20QCh. 26 - Prob. 21QCh. 26 - Prob. 22QCh. 26 - Prob. 23QCh. 26 - Prob. 24QCh. 26 - Prob. 25QCh. 26 - Prob. 26QCh. 26 - Prob. 27QCh. 26 - Prob. 28QCh. 26 - Prob. 29QCh. 26 - Prob. 30QCh. 26 - Prob. 31QCh. 26 - Prob. 32QCh. 26 - Prob. 33QCh. 26 - Prob. 34QCh. 26 - Prob. 35QCh. 26 - Prob. 36QCh. 26 - Prob. 37QCh. 26 - Prob. 38QCh. 26 - Prob. 39QCh. 26 - Prob. 40QCh. 26 - Prob. 41QCh. 26 - Prob. 42QCh. 26 - Prob. 43QCh. 26 - Prob. 44QCh. 26 - Prob. 45QCh. 26 - Prob. 46QCh. 26 - Prob. 47Q
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- What does the term Hubble time mean in cosmology, and what is the current best calculation for the Hubble time?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between hot dark matter and cold dark matter? How does this difference affect cosmology?arrow_forwardExplain what we mean when we call the universe homogeneous and isotropic. Would you say that the distribution of elephants on Earth is homogeneous and isotropic? Why?arrow_forward
- There is still some uncertainty in the Hubble constant. (a) Current estimates range from about 19.9 km/s per million light-years to 23 km/s per million light-years. Assume that the Hubble constant has been constant since the Big Bang. What is the possible range in the ages of the universe? Use the equation in the text, T0=1H , and make sure you use consistent units. (b) Twenty years ago, estimates for the Hubble constant ranged from 50 to 100 km/s per Mps. What are the possible ages for the universe from those values? Can you rule out some of these possibilities on the basis of other evidence?arrow_forwardCalculate the velocity, the distance, and the look-back time of the most distant galaxies in Figure 28.21 using the Hubble constant given in this text and the redshift given in the diagram. Remember the Doppler formula for velocity (v=c) and the Hubble law ( v=Hd , where d is the distance to a galaxy). For these low velocities, you can neglect relativistic effects. Figure 28.21 Sloan Digital Sky Survey Map of the Large-Scale Structure of the Universe. This image shows slices from the SDSS map. The point at the center corresponds to the Milky Way and might say “You Are Here!” Points on the map moving outward from the center are farther away. The distance to the galaxies is indicated by their redshifts (following Hubble’s law), shown on the horizontal line going right from the center. The redshift z=/ , where is the difference between the observed wavelength and the wavelength emitted by a nonmoving source in the laboratory. Hour angle on the sky is shown around the circumference of the circular graph. The colors of the galaxies indicate the ages of their stars, with the redder color showing galaxies that are made of older stars. The outer circle is at a distance of two billion light-years from us. Note that red (older stars) galaxies are more strongly clustered than blue galaxies (young stars). The unmapped areas are where our view of the universe is obstructed by dust in our own Galaxy. (credit: modification of work by M. Blanton and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey)arrow_forwardState the problems of the Hot Big Bang model in cosmology, and briefly explain how inflation solves these problems.arrow_forward
- b) The cosmic microwave background dates to a time when the universe was ~380,000 years old, or to a z = 1100. The blackbody temperature then was -3,000 K. Show that today the CMB temperature should be 2.725 K.arrow_forwardSketch a caricature or diagram of the situation or phenomenon showing that Hubble’s Law strongly implies an expanding universe. And provide an explanation.arrow_forwardExplain the expanding Universe theory and its relationship to the Big Bang theory?arrow_forward
- How might you relate the big bang to yourself as a physical entity? What elemental parts of your chemical makeup were produced during the initial inflation Era of the big bang?arrow_forwardExplain what is meant by the term cosmological redshift, and contrast it with the Doppler shift that is observed when a luminous object recedes from an observer. From the defi- nition of redshift in terms of the observed and emitted wavelengths of photons, obtain an expression that relates redshift to the expansion factor of the Universe. Hence calculate the expansion factor of the Universe while a photon travels from a galaxy with redshift z = 1.arrow_forwardDescribe the expanding universe theory (Big Bang Theory) based on observed astronomical evidence including; The Doppler Effect, red shift, Hubble's Law, and the cosmic microwave background.arrow_forward
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