Principles of Economics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134078779
Author: Karl E. Case, Ray C. Fair, Sharon E. Oster
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 26, Problem 2.1P
To determine
The changes in investment, consumption, and GDP (
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
On June 5, 2003, the European Central Bank acted to decrease the short-term interest rate in Europe by half a percentage point, to 2 percent. The bank’s president at the time, Willem Duisenberg, suggested that, in the future, the bank could reduce rates further. The rate cut was made because European countries were growing very slowly or were in recession. What effect did the bank hope the action would have on the economy? Be specific. What was the hoped-for result on C, I, and Y?
The monetary policy rate is the rate at which the Central Bank of Ghana lends to commercial banks. The results from table 4.4.1 shows that the monetary rate in Ghana declined from 2019 to 2021, before rising in 2022. The decline in the monetary rate from 2019 to 2021 can be attributed to an expansionary monetary policy, which was implemented to boost the economy of Ghana by reducing unemployment. The rise in the monetary rate in 2022 is a sign of a contractionary monetary policy, which is intended to reduce money supply and increase the cost of borrowing. This can help control inflation but may also lead to lower economic growth due to reduced aggregate demand (consumption). Consumption which is a component of GDP, the decrease in Aggregate demand will lead to decrease GDP and economic growth at large.
Digitalization has become the norm in all parts of life, including finance. Mobile money has acquired substantial acceptance in Ghana as a simple mechanism for fund transfers, payments,…
Describe three ways in which the interest rate changes implemented in an expansionary monetary plan by the Fed would work their way through the economy in order to improve economic conditions. How would changed interest rates affect business, households, governments, and those involved in imports/exports?
Chapter 26 Solutions
Principles of Economics (12th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- The mandate of the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) states that “the Reserve Bank is required to achieve and maintain price stability in the interest of balanced and sustainable economic growth in South Africa”. There are several macroeconomic determinants that in many ways affect the outlook of the economy, such as inflation, growth, interest rates, unemployment and exchange rates. There has been an ongoing conversation among economists and politicians about the mandate of the SARB. Do you think that the mandate of the SARB should change? Support your view.arrow_forwardAfter a series of measures to remedy the mortgage crisis that has beset the US economy, Ben Bernanke, chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve and his colleagues are once again looking at cutting the central banks key interest rate as they hope that lowering the interest rates will give the economy a boost by encouraging investors and consumers to borrow and spend (Associated Press, n. pag.). The Fed is looking at slashing the interest rate by a full percent however, many economist believe that this is not the appropriate remedy for economic conundrum (Gavin, n. pag). According to many analysts, the issue of the economy regarding the mortgage is the lack of confidence by both the lender and the borrower. Even as the Fed resorts to drastic interest cuts, the first time the central bank has cut a full percentage point in one shot since 1982, this provides little help if lenders are not loaning money out of fear they will not be repaid and the borrowers…arrow_forwardWhich of the following is most likely to occur in an economy where the central bank significantly lowers interest rates? A) An increase in consumer savings B) A decrease in investment by businesses C) An increase in consumer and business borrowing D) A decrease in overall economic activityarrow_forward
- Changes in the money supply affect the interest rate through changes in the supply of loans, real GDP, the price level, and the expected inflation rate. True or False: The price-level effect describes the change in the interest rate due to a change in the expected inflation rate. False INTEREST RATE True The following graph shows the supply and demand curves in the market for loanable funds. Consider an increase in the expected inflation rate. Show the effect of this increase by dragging one or both curves on the graph. SLE QUANTITY OF LOANABLE FUNDS The income effect DLF The liquidity effect The expectations effect PLF SLF Which of the following refer to changes that affect the demand for loanable funds but not the supply? Check all that apply. The price-level effect (?arrow_forwardThe Fed has conducted expansionary monetary policy to combat a recession but is running up against the zero lower bound, and the economy is still not recovering. What other steps could the government take to try to stabilize the economy? Steps the government could take to stabilize the economy increase government spending raise real interest rates lower taxes increase transfer payments Steps the government should not or cannot take to stabilize the economy Answer Bank decrease government spending raise taxes lower real interest rates decrease transfer paymentsarrow_forwardexplain what may be the short-term economic consequences of a decrease of the interest rate by the European Central Bank (ECB).arrow_forward
- Assume the fiscal authority reduces taxes and, at the same time, the central bank engages in a contractionary monetary policy action. Taken together, how will these actions affect the equilibrium values of aggregate income and the real rate of interest?arrow_forwardSuppose that you are employed as an advisor to the central bank. Select the proper policy recommendation or economic prediction for each of the following scenarios. Which policy is appropriate when a rising aggregate price level is a concern but GDP is growing at an acceptable rate? contractionary or restrictive monetary policy (tight money policy) It is unclear which type of monetary policy is appropriate. expansionary monetary policy (easy money policy) Which policy is appropriate when a rising aggregate price level is a concern and GDP is not growing at an acceptable rate? It is unclear which type of monetary policy is appropriate. contractionary or restrictive monetary policy (tight money policy) expansionary monetary policy (easy money policy) Contractionary or restrictive monetary policy (tight money policy) will cause interest rates to increase sometimes and decrease sometimes. decrease. increase.arrow_forwardConsider the following open-economy version of the IS Curve: Ý; = ā – b;(R – F) + Bnz (R; – F) – bnz (R¢ – F), where ā = āc + āg + ā; + āna – 1. | There are no demand shocks and Rt = R; = T. Moreover, ānz = 0. In response to a public health emergency central banks around the world are lowering real interest rates by 1 percentage point. If b; 3 and bna =, calculate Y (in percent). %3Darrow_forward
- Assume that the demand for real money balance (M / P) is M / P = 0.8Y – 200i, where Y is national income, and i is the nominal interest rate (in percent). The real interest rate r is fixed at 5 percent by the investment and saving functions. The expected inflation rate equals the rate of nominal money growth. If Y is 2,500, P is 1.2, and the growth rate of nominal money is 2 percent, what must i and M be? Show all your work, show formula used and explain why.arrow_forwardConsider a hypothetical economy where: • C(Ya) = 12 + 0.75 × (Y – T) • I(r) = 124 – 1 x r • G = 120 • t = 20% 3. Assume that inflation is zero, so that i = r. This economy's central bank follows a given Monetary Policy Rule:r =i= 0.025 ×Y+0.0003 × P , where P is the price level. Given this and the expression for the IS Curve, write down an expression for the Aggregate Demand Curve. (Hint: Remember that the AD Curve takes the form P =....)arrow_forwardThe central bank decided to raise interest rates when it wanted to reduce aggregate demand to fight inflation. How does an increase in interest rates reduce aggregate demand?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Macroeconomics: Private and Public Choice (MindTa...EconomicsISBN:9781305506756Author:James D. Gwartney, Richard L. Stroup, Russell S. Sobel, David A. MacphersonPublisher:Cengage LearningEconomics: Private and Public Choice (MindTap Cou...EconomicsISBN:9781305506725Author:James D. Gwartney, Richard L. Stroup, Russell S. Sobel, David A. MacphersonPublisher:Cengage LearningEconomics (MindTap Course List)EconomicsISBN:9781337617383Author:Roger A. ArnoldPublisher:Cengage Learning
Macroeconomics: Private and Public Choice (MindTa...
Economics
ISBN:9781305506756
Author:James D. Gwartney, Richard L. Stroup, Russell S. Sobel, David A. Macpherson
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Economics: Private and Public Choice (MindTap Cou...
Economics
ISBN:9781305506725
Author:James D. Gwartney, Richard L. Stroup, Russell S. Sobel, David A. Macpherson
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Economics (MindTap Course List)
Economics
ISBN:9781337617383
Author:Roger A. Arnold
Publisher:Cengage Learning