Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 26, Problem 1FIB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Behavior can be defined as the actions or manners made of an organism in response to various stimuli. The stimuli can be internal or external. An animal performs various kinds of behavior.
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Renota, a 51-year-old Slavic woman, lived in Romania with her family on a pig farm. She routinely slaughtered pigs and cooked pork for family meals. She had a wide variety of recipes that called for pork. A few days after preparing one of her famous pork dishes, Renota experi- enced diarrhea, abdominal pain, and chronic indigestion. She went to her family physician and explained her symp- toms to him. The physician, who knew the family well and was familiar with the family business, immediately sus- pected a bacterial or parasitic infection. A stool sample for routine bacterial culture and 0&P study was collected from Renota and submitted to the local diagnostic laboratory. Routine processing procedures were conducted on the stool sample. Gross examination of the stool revealed a portion of the infecting worm (Fig. A). An egg, measuring 36 by 25 um (Fig. B), was seen on the permanent 0&P slide. No intestinal bacterial pathogens were isolated.
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"The cases of Henrietta Lacks and the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment call attention to ethical violations in medical research, particularly involving underrepresented groups. Both instances raise important issues around informed consent, exploitation, and the responsibility of researchers. Biomedical ethics is grounded in principles like autonomy, beneficence, and justice. In both the Lacks case and the Tuskegee study, these principles were ignored. Henrietta Lacks’ cells were taken without her consent, and the men in the Tuskegee study were denied treatment without their knowledge. These failures in ethical oversight have caused lasting harm to the trust marginalized communities have in the medical system.
Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) are designed to ensure ethical standards in research by requiring informed consent and protecting participants from harm. However, in Lacks’ case and the Tuskegee study, no such protections were in place. These…
Chapter 26 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 26.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 26.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 26.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 26.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 26.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 26.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 26.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 26.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 26.4 - Does symmetry have a scent? In one study,...
Ch. 26.4 - compare the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 26.5 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 26.5 - Prob. 1TCCh. 26.5 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 26.5 - Prob. 2TCCh. 26.6 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 26.6 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 26.7 - list the advantages and disadvantages of living in...Ch. 26.7 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 26.8 - Is our perception of human beauty determined by...Ch. 26.8 - Is our perception of human beauty determined by...Ch. 26.8 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 26.8 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 26.8 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 26.8 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 26 - Prob. 1ACCh. 26 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 26 - Prob. 1MCCh. 26 - Prob. 1RQCh. 26 - Prob. 2ACCh. 26 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 26 - The benefits to an individual of living in a...Ch. 26 - Prob. 2RQCh. 26 - Prob. 3ACCh. 26 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 26 - Prob. 3MCCh. 26 - Prob. 3RQCh. 26 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 26 - Prob. 4MCCh. 26 - Prob. 4RQCh. 26 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 26 - Prob. 5MCCh. 26 - Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of group...Ch. 26 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 26 - Prob. 6RQ
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- What are your thoughts on this subject: "The story of Henrietta Lacks highlights critical issues in biomedical ethics, researcher responsibility, and the exploitation of marginalized communities. Henrietta, an African American woman, had her cells taken without consent in 1951 during her treatment for cervical cancer at Johns Hopkins Hospital. These cells, known as HeLa cells, became pivotal in medical research, contributing to the development of vaccines and cancer treatments. However, Henrietta and her family were never informed or compensated for the use of her cells. This violation of informed consent, a core principle of biomedical ethics, mirrors broader patterns of exploitation seen in historical medical studies, such as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, where African American men were used in experiments without their consent or proper treatment. These unethical practices were often justified by racist and paternalistic attitudes, perpetuating a deep mistrust in medical…arrow_forwardHenrietta Lacks's cells have easily been the most important human cell line used in research in the last 70 years. HeLa cells have been sold by pharmaceutical and laboratory technology companies, creating millions or billions of dollars of revenue and have contributed to a huge host of medical advances including several vaccines. Their use has changed the course of medicine for the good. However, there was no informed consent from Henrietta or her family at the time the cells were taken. In fact, Dr. Gey, who took the original cell sample from Henrietta even initially lied and said they came from a woman named "Helen Lane." So clearly he knew that there was something unethical about his actions. Henrietta Lacks died from the aggressive cervical cancer that the cells were harvested from. She never knew how important her cells would become. Shockingly, her family was never informed about her contributions to science and medicine until the 1973, more than 20 years after the sample was…arrow_forwardNot use ai pleasearrow_forward
- Draw a cell with 2n=4 chromosomes in anaphase II of meiosis. How is this different than anaphase of mitosis?arrow_forwardIn chickens comb shape is controlled by a pair of interacting unlinked gene loci each with two alleles, R,r and P,p. These genes interact in such a way to give four possible phenotypes, as follows: Walnut - requires one each of the dominant genes. Rose - requires a R and homozygous recessive for the p gene. Pea - requires a P and homozygous recessive for the r gene. Single - requires fully homozygous recessive. If two walnut comb chickens are mated and produce 1,000 offspring, and some of these 1,000 offspring are of the single combed variety. Please answer the following questions: a.___ How many of rose comb phenotype would you expect in the 1,000 offspring? A. 563, B. 438, C. 360, D. 188, E. 63 b.___ The evidence provided would result in the conclusion that the inheritance of comb form in chickens is a good example of a polygenic mode of inheritance. True OR False c.___ What would be the best way to describe the cross involved? 1. A true dihybrid cross…arrow_forwardMatch the following: A. Intron B. Enhancer sequence C. TATA box D. 5’ cap E. Exon F.Operator G. Poly-A tail sequence H. 3’UTR 1.___ part of mature mRNA that is instrumental in binding to the ribosome 2.___ part of the coding strand promoter region where the transcription initiation complex will form 3.___Sequence found in the upstream section of eukaryotic DNA, sometimes at very great distances that can result in the increase of the initiation and therefore transcription of genes.arrow_forward
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- a) Use the figure below to answer the following question(s). The DNA profiles that follow represent four different individuals. Which of the following statements is most likely true regarding the results in the figure above? D is the child of A and C. D is the child of A and B. D is the child of B and C. A is the child of C and D. B is the child of A and C. b) A gel that matches the below picture could be created using which technologies in combination? microarray, PCR, gel electrophoresis vector cloning, dideoxy sequencing, gel electrophoresis STR analysis, dideoxy sequencing, gel electrophoresis PCR, dideoxy sequencing, STR analysis STR analysis, PCR, gel electorphoresisarrow_forwarda) Microarrays must be preceded by a Southern blot compare gene expression levels across many different genes in two different cell lines rely on the polar nature of the DNA molecule to separate these molecules based on size require months to run are rarely used in modern biotechnology b) CRISPR is a powerful gene editing tool because the programmable enzyme (Cas9) can find an exact sequence and make a cut at a precise nucleotide it can be applied to all types of cells it has both genetic editing and epigenetic functions it is inexpensive All of these are correct c) This person came up with the idea to use heat-resistant polymerases from volcanic oceanic vents during thermocycling in PCR reactions and later won a Nobel prize for this idea. Barbara McClintock George Beadle Jacob Monod Kary Mullis Francis Crickarrow_forwarda) The word “cloning” refers to making copies of bacteria making cloned sheep or another eukaryotic organism copying a piece of DNA all of the above none of the above b) Which of these restriction enzymes will create a sticky end? an enzyme that has restriction site ATTA and cuts between the two T nucleotides an enzyme with restriction site AGTCAG and cuts between the T and C an enzyme with restriction site AATCGG and cuts between the A nucleotides. any non-palindromic nucleotide sequence used as a restriction site none of the above c) Which of the following do researchers not need to use during vector cloning? a plasmid containing selectable marker genes such as beta galactosidase or ampicillin resistance genes restriction enzymes DNA polymerase a growth medium with carefully selected ingredients that take advantage of selectable markers. None of the abovearrow_forward
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