Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781133104261
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 25.7, Problem 25.6QQ
(a)
To determine
The number of rays undergoing total internal reflections at the slanted surface in Figure 25.23.
(b)
To determine
The direction in which the prism should be rotated so that all the
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Question B3
Consider the following FLRW spacetime:
t2
ds² = -dt² +
(dx²
+ dy²+ dz²),
t2
where t is a constant.
a)
State whether this universe is spatially open, closed or flat.
[2 marks]
b) Determine the Hubble factor H(t), and represent it in a (roughly drawn) plot as a function
of time t, starting at t = 0.
[3 marks]
c) Taking galaxy A to be located at (x, y, z) = (0,0,0), determine the proper distance to galaxy
B located at (x, y, z) = (L, 0, 0). Determine the recessional velocity of galaxy B with respect
to galaxy A.
d) The Friedmann equations are
2
k
8πG
а
4πG
+
a²
(p+3p).
3
a
3
[5 marks]
Use these equations to determine the energy density p(t) and the pressure p(t) for the
FLRW spacetime specified at the top of the page.
[5 marks]
e) Given the result of question B3.d, state whether the FLRW universe in question is (i)
radiation-dominated, (ii) matter-dominated, (iii) cosmological-constant-dominated, or (iv)
none of the previous. Justify your answer.
f)
[5 marks]
A conformally…
SECTION B
Answer ONLY TWO questions in Section B
[Expect to use one single-sided A4 page for each Section-B sub question.]
Question B1
Consider the line element
where w is a constant.
ds²=-dt²+e2wt dx²,
a) Determine the components of the metric and of the inverse metric.
[2 marks]
b) Determine the Christoffel symbols. [See the Appendix of this document.]
[10 marks]
c)
Write down the geodesic equations.
[5 marks]
d) Show that e2wt it is a constant of geodesic motion.
[4 marks]
e)
Solve the geodesic equations for null geodesics.
[4 marks]
Page 2
SECTION A
Answer ALL questions in Section A
[Expect to use one single-sided A4 page for each Section-A sub question.]
Question A1
SPA6308 (2024)
Consider Minkowski spacetime in Cartesian coordinates th
=
(t, x, y, z), such that
ds² = dt² + dx² + dy² + dz².
(a) Consider the vector with components V" = (1,-1,0,0). Determine V and V. V.
(b) Consider now the coordinate system x' (u, v, y, z) such that
u =t-x,
v=t+x.
[2 marks]
Write down the line element, the metric, the Christoffel symbols and the Riemann curvature
tensor in the new coordinates. [See the Appendix of this document.]
[5 marks]
(c) Determine V", that is, write the object in question A1.a in the coordinate system x'. Verify
explicitly that V. V is invariant under the coordinate transformation.
Question A2
[5 marks]
Suppose that A, is a covector field, and consider the object
Fv=AAμ.
(a) Show explicitly that F is a tensor, that is, show that it transforms appropriately under a
coordinate transformation.
[5 marks]
(b)…
Chapter 25 Solutions
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 25.1QQCh. 25.4 - If beam is the incoming beam in Active Figure...Ch. 25.4 - Light passes from a material with index of...Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 25.4QQCh. 25.5 - Prob. 25.5QQCh. 25.7 - Prob. 25.6QQCh. 25.7 - Prob. 25.7QQCh. 25 - Prob. 1OQCh. 25 - Prob. 2OQCh. 25 - What happens to a light wave when it travels from...
Ch. 25 - Prob. 4OQCh. 25 - The index of refraction for water is about 43....Ch. 25 - Prob. 6OQCh. 25 - Light traveling in a medium of index of refraction...Ch. 25 - Prob. 8OQCh. 25 - The core of an optical fiber transmits light with...Ch. 25 - Prob. 10OQCh. 25 - A light ray travels from vacuum into a slab of...Ch. 25 - Prob. 12OQCh. 25 - Prob. 13OQCh. 25 - Prob. 14OQCh. 25 - Prob. 1CQCh. 25 - Prob. 2CQCh. 25 - Prob. 3CQCh. 25 - Prob. 4CQCh. 25 - Prob. 5CQCh. 25 - Prob. 6CQCh. 25 - Prob. 7CQCh. 25 - Prob. 8CQCh. 25 - Prob. 9CQCh. 25 - Prob. 10CQCh. 25 - Prob. 11CQCh. 25 - Prob. 12CQCh. 25 - Prob. 1PCh. 25 - Prob. 2PCh. 25 - Prob. 3PCh. 25 - Prob. 4PCh. 25 - Prob. 5PCh. 25 - Prob. 6PCh. 25 - Prob. 7PCh. 25 - An underwater scuba diver sees the Sun at an...Ch. 25 - Prob. 9PCh. 25 - Prob. 10PCh. 25 - A ray of light is incident on a flat surface of a...Ch. 25 - A laser beam is incident at an angle of 30.0 from...Ch. 25 - Prob. 13PCh. 25 - A light ray initially in water enters a...Ch. 25 - Find the speed of light in (a) flint glass, (b)...Ch. 25 - Prob. 16PCh. 25 - Prob. 17PCh. 25 - Prob. 18PCh. 25 - Unpolarized light in vacuum is incident onto a...Ch. 25 - Prob. 20PCh. 25 - Prob. 21PCh. 25 - Prob. 22PCh. 25 - Prob. 23PCh. 25 - Prob. 24PCh. 25 - 14. A ray of light strikes the midpoint of one...Ch. 25 - Prob. 26PCh. 25 - Prob. 27PCh. 25 - Prob. 28PCh. 25 - Prob. 29PCh. 25 - Prob. 30PCh. 25 - Prob. 31PCh. 25 - Around 1965, engineers at the Toro Company...Ch. 25 - Prob. 33PCh. 25 - Prob. 34PCh. 25 - Prob. 35PCh. 25 - Prob. 36PCh. 25 - Prob. 37PCh. 25 - Prob. 38PCh. 25 - Prob. 39PCh. 25 - Prob. 40PCh. 25 - Prob. 41PCh. 25 - Prob. 42PCh. 25 - A 4.00-m-long pole stands vertically in a...Ch. 25 - Prob. 44PCh. 25 - Prob. 45PCh. 25 - Prob. 46PCh. 25 - Prob. 47PCh. 25 - Prob. 48PCh. 25 - When light is incident normally on the interface...Ch. 25 - Prob. 50PCh. 25 - Prob. 51PCh. 25 - Prob. 52PCh. 25 - The light beam in Figure P25.53 strikes surface 2...Ch. 25 - Prob. 54PCh. 25 - Prob. 55PCh. 25 - Prob. 56PCh. 25 - Prob. 57PCh. 25 - Prob. 58PCh. 25 - Prob. 59PCh. 25 - Prob. 60PCh. 25 - Prob. 61PCh. 25 - Prob. 62P
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