a) Interpretation: The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated. Concept introduction: In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page. For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned. In Fischer projections, D sugars have the hydroxyl group on right at the farthest chirality center and L sugars have this hydroxyl group on left. To assign: The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Question

Condensation polymers are produced when monomers containing two different functional groups link together with the loss of a small molecule such as H2O. The difunctional monomer H2N(CH2)6COOH forms a condensation polymer. Draw the carbon-skeleton structure of the dimer that forms from this monomer.

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 25.3, Problem 6P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

In Fischer projections, D sugars have the hydroxyl group on right at the farthest chirality center and L sugars have this hydroxyl group on left.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

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Condensation polymers are produced when monomers containing two different functional groups link together with the loss of a small molecule such as H2O. The difunctional monomer H2N(CH2)6COOH forms a condensation polymer. Draw the carbon-skeleton structure of the dimer that forms from this monomer.

What is the structure of the monomer?

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 25.3, Problem 6P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

In Fischer projections, D sugars have the hydroxyl group on right at the farthest chirality center and L sugars have this hydroxyl group on left.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 25.3, Problem 6P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

In Fischer projections, D sugars have the hydroxyl group on right at the farthest chirality center and L sugars have this hydroxyl group on left.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 25.3, Problem 6P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

In Fischer projections, D sugars have the hydroxyl group on right at the farthest chirality center and L sugars have this hydroxyl group on left.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

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Answer 5

Chapter 25.3, Problem 6P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

In Fischer projections, D sugars have the hydroxyl group on right at the farthest chirality center and L sugars have this hydroxyl group on left.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Answer 6

Chapter 25.3, Problem 6P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

In Fischer projections, D sugars have the hydroxyl group on right at the farthest chirality center and L sugars have this hydroxyl group on left.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Answer 7

Chapter 25.3, Problem 6P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

In Fischer projections, D sugars have the hydroxyl group on right at the farthest chirality center and L sugars have this hydroxyl group on left.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Answer 12

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Answer 23

Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 2P Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 4P Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 5P Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 6P Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 7P Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 8P Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 9P Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains how the configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D or L sugar.

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Chapter 25 Solutions