COLLEGE PHYSICS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781464196393
Author: Freedman
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 25, Problem 6QAP
To determine
Explain two postulates of the
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special relativity
• A) Find the value of y for the following
situation. An astronaut measures the length of
her spaceship to be 25.0 m, while an Earth-
bound observer measures it to be 100 m.
(b) What is unreasonable about this result?
(c) Which assumptions are unreasonable or
inconsistent?
• Solution (a) y = 0.250. (b)It is unreasonable
because the value of y is less than one. This opposed
the idea of length contraction. © It will give imaginary
value. The observer must measure the ship 25m, while
the astronaut measures her ship 100m.
https://www.compadre.org/PQP/special-relativity/section2_3.cfm
• In the “Experiment 2” animation:A) In the frame of the railcar what is the order in which light reaches the observers?B) In the frame of the railcar what is the order in which light reaches the observers asseen by an observer at M’?C) In the frame of the railcar what is the order in which light reaches the observers asseen by an observer at A’?
In the context of relativity, what is an "event"? Give a specific example of an event and provide the coordinates necessary to specify the event.
Chapter 25 Solutions
COLLEGE PHYSICS
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- Our solar system orbits the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. Assuming a circular orbit 30,000 ly in radius and an orbital speed of 250 km/s, how many years does it take for one revolution? Note that this is approximate, assuming constant speed and circular orbit, but it is representative of the time for our system and local stars to make one revolution around the galaxy.arrow_forward(a) What is the approximate force of gravity on a 70-kg person due to the Andromeda Galaxy, assuming its total mass is 1013 that of our Sun and acts like a single mass 0.613 Mpc away? (b) What is the ratio of this force to the person’s weight? Note that Andromeda is the closest large galaxy.arrow_forwardShow that the velocity of a star orbiting its galaxy in a circular oibit is inversely proportional to the square root of its orbital radius, assuming the mass of the stars inside its orbit acts like a single mass at the center of the galaxy. You may use an equation from a previous chapter to support your conclusion, but you must justify its use and define all terms used.arrow_forward
- An Earth satellite used in the Global Positioning System moves in a circular orbit with period 11 h 58 min. (a) Determine the radius of its orbit. (b) Determine its speed. (c) The satellite contains an oscillator producing the principal nonmilitary GPS signal. Its frequency is 1 575.42 MHz in the reference frame of the satellite. When it is received on the Earths surface, what is the fractional change in this frequency due to time dilation, as described by special relativity? (d) The gravitational blueshift of the frequency according to general relativity is a separate effect. The magnitude of that fractional change is given by ff=Ugmc2 where Ug/m is the change in gravitational potential energy per unit mass between the two points at which the signal is observed. Calculate this fractional change in frequency. (e) What is the overall fractional change in frequency? Superposed on both of these relativistic effects is a Doppler shift that is generally much larger. It can be a redshift or a blueshift, depending on the motion of a particular satellite relative to a GPS receiver (Fig. P1.39).arrow_forward• * * You embark on a round-trip journey to a star 11 light-years away, as measured in Earth's reference frame. You travel at a constant speed outbound, turn around rapidly, and travel back at constant speed. If the round trip takes 15 years by your clock, (a) how fast do you travel and (b) what s the round-trip time as measured on Earth!arrow_forward6. (i) The lifetime of a particle in its own frame of reference is 25.0 ns. (This is its proper lifetime). • If the particle moves with speed 0.95c with respect to the Earth, what is its lifetime as measured by an observer at rest on Earth?. • What is the average distance it travels before decaying as measured by an observer at rest on Earth in cm? (ii) Let a rod of length Lo makes an angle 0 relative to the í -axis and let it moves with speed v = 0.8c along the horizontal direction. • Find the length of the rod as measured by a stationary observer for 0, = 30 and 60 • Find the angle 0 the rod makes with the x -axis in terms of 0o.arrow_forward
- You observe a rocket moving away from you. Compared to the passage of time measured by the watch on your wrist, is the passage of time on the rocket's clock will appear as running O faster • with the same speed as while on earth surface • slower O unpredictable as the speedarrow_forwardMY NOTES ASK YOUR TEACHER A rocket is traveling through space and its Lorentz factor (y) is 2.2. Determine the rocket's speed (in terms of c) and the ratio of its kinetic energy to its total energy. V= XC KE/E- DETAILSarrow_forwardProblem 7: The Lorentz force is the sum of the electric and magnetic forces acting upon a particle with charge 9 and velocity F = qË+qvxB A velocity selector is a special arrangement of non-zero electric and magnetic fields that will allow charged particles with a specified velocity to pass undeflected because the Lorentz force they experience is zero. Charged particles with other velocities are turned aside. This is achieved as follows: • The three relevant vectors, v, Ē, and B are mutually perpendicular. • The magnitudes of the vectors are chosen such that the magnitudes of the electric and magnetic forces have equal magnitudes, or, equivalently, E = vB. • The directions of the electric and magnetic fields are chosen such that the electric and magnetic forces are oppositely directed. The diagram to the right represents the directions of a uniform magnetic field and the velocity vector. The charge of the particle is explicitly indicated as +q> 0 or -9 <0. O +q O 15 Oarrow_forward
- In Lorentzian relativity, if two events are simultaneous for one observer, they will be simultaneous for all other observers as well. a) True b) Falsearrow_forwardTwo 0.60-kgkg basketballs, each with a radius of 19 cmcm , are just touching a) How much energy is required to change the separation between the centers of the basketballs to 1.0 mm ? (Ignore any other gravitational interactions.) b) How much energy is required to change the separation between the centers of the basketballs to 13 mm ? (Ignore any other gravitational interactions.)arrow_forwardThis is a mathematical problem by converting the distance from the sun to earth then using what ever is given!arrow_forward
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