Concept explainers
To review:
The characteristics used to group organisms in a cladistic analysis.
Introduction:
The concept of cladistic analysis was first observed by Willi Hennig and is referred to as phylogenetic systematics. Cladistics refers to the system of classification that includes the categorization of an organism based on shared traits. Cladistics is solely based on evolutionary relationships and reflects only the branching pattern of evolution. It completely ignores the morphological divergence of organisms. Cladistic methodologies involve the application of various molecular, anatomical, and genetic traits of the organisms and use techniques like computational modeling and polymerase chain reaction to construct a phylogenetic tree.
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Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
- Describe the process we use to infer the phylogenetic relationships of a set of living organisms.arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a phylogenetic tree and a cladogram? What the difference between "homologous traits" and "analogous traits"? What is the difference between "ancestral traits" and "derived traits"?arrow_forwardDefine the two major approaches used to classify organisms: phenetics and cladistics. Describe one strength and one weakness of each approacharrow_forward
- Describe the two methods that are used to identify similarity between species when creating phylogenetic trees.arrow_forwardContrast a cladogram with a traditional taxonomic tree?arrow_forwardDiscuss how the principle of parsimony can be used in a cladistics approach to constructing a phylogenetic tree.arrow_forward
- What is a classification system? Give its broad definition as well as some historical background about it.arrow_forwardDefine cladisticsarrow_forwardList the differences between distance-based and character-based methods for constructing a phylogenetic tree. Which type is maximum parsimony? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- Based on the character matrix in the picture, draw a Venn diagram. Start with the character that is shared by all the taxa on the outside. Inside each box, write the taxa that have only that set of characters. Next, make a cladogram based on the matrix and Venn diagram.arrow_forwardA scientist is attempting to build a cladogram that shows the evolutionary closeness of three organisms in relation to humans. After doing DNA analysis, they determine that the organisms share the following percentages of DNA: Organism A and humans share 85% of their DNA. Organism B and humans share 80% of their DNA. Organism C and humans share 90% of their DNA. Based on this information, which order should they go on the cladogram (from least related to most related)?arrow_forwardWhat is a taxon? Illustrate the taxonomical hierarchy with a suitable example?arrow_forward
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