Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 24, Problem 7TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Molecular clock is a term that is used for technique that uses mutation rate of
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Even when a gene is available and its sequence of nucleotides is known, chemical studies of the protein are still required to determine:
a. molecular weight of the unmodified protein.
b. the amino-terminal amino acid.
c. the location of disulfide bonds.
d. the number of amino acids in the protein.
e. whether the protein has the amino acid methionine in its sequence.
central dogma of molecular biology describe the flow of information in the cell.There are also exceptions to the central dogma. Which of the following examples is inconsistent with the flow of genetic information in the cell?
a. from DNA to mRNA
b.from mRNA to protien
c.from protien to DNA
d.from DNA to rRNA
e. from DNA to tRNA
Define the following terms:a. wobble hypothesisb. cognate tRNAc. AUG sequenced. Shine-Dalgarno sequencee. aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Chapter 24 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 24.1 - How does the system of binomial nomenclature...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.2 - What is the difference between a phylogenetic tree...Ch. 24.2 - What are the differences between a monophyletic...Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 24.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.5 - How does outgroup comparison facilitate the...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 24.6 - What assumption underlies the use of genetic...Ch. 24.6 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.7 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.7 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24 - The evolutionary history of a group of organisms...Ch. 24 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 24 - Which of the following does not help systematists...Ch. 24 - In a cladistic analysis, a systematist groups...Ch. 24 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 24 - When systematists study morphological or...Ch. 24 - Which of the following pairs of structures are...Ch. 24 - To construct a phylogenetic tree by applying the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 24 - Imagine that you are a systematist studying a...Ch. 24 - Design an Experiment Imagine that you are trying...Ch. 24 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 24 - The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae)...
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- Recall from our classes on molecular evolution that some proteins evolve more rapidly than others. For example, the oxygen-carrying protein myoglobin evolves more quickly than the D1 protein of photosystem II. What explains this difference in the rate of protein evolution? A. Proteins like myoglobin have evolved more recently than proteins like D1 and thus have been forced to evolve more quickly. B. Changes to the sequence of some proteins can be tolerated as they don’t alter fitness; for other proteins, sequence changes are usually harmful. C. In constrained proteins like D1, evolution results primarily from nucleotide changes that alter the amino acid sequence of the protein. D. Protein evolution is dependent upon the rate of gene mutation and some genes have a higher rate of mutation than others.arrow_forwardA group of scientists was examining the amino acid sequence for the gene c-FLIP, which is present in most vertebrates. The image shows the amino acid sequence for a variety of different vertebrate species. What conclusions would the scientists draw from this sequence? A. This protein is a derived feature, evolving multiple times. B. This protein is a primitive feature, present in basal vertebrates. C. The sequence of this protein is nearly identical in lampreys and humans. D. The sequence of this protein is not conserved between turkeys and chickens.arrow_forwardThe Selfish Gene is a radical theory that argues that all living creatures are essentially vehicles for their genes- hence, we all are a “survival machine" for our genes. In the light of what you have learned about the molecular structure and function of the gene, is this perspective still relevant? Cite specific biological phenomena to prove your point.arrow_forward
- The challenge in using sequence data to estimate the evolutionary tree for all living things is to find a gene that shows recognizable sequence similarities even between highly distantly related species . Which of the following should NOT be among the features of this gene? A. The gene subject to strong diversifying selection. B. It is present in all organisms. C. It encodes a product whose function is essential. D. The function of the gene must have remained the same in all organisms.arrow_forwardSpirochetes are free-living, anaerobic bacteria that contain spiral-shaped cells. Nematodes are roundworms that are incredibly diverse and, as a group, have adapted to survive in all environments. Which of the following statements accurately describes the DNA of both groups? A. The spirochaete genome is smaller than the nematode genome. B. Nematode DNA is circular. C. Spirochete chromosomes are composed of just DNA while nematode chromosomes also include specialized proteins. D. Spirochete DNA is linear.arrow_forwardSpirochaetes are free-living, anaerobic bacteria that contain spiral-shaped cells. Nematodes are roundworms that are incredibly diverse and, as a group, have adapted to survive in all environments. Which of the following statements accurately describes the DNA of both groups? A. The spirochaete genome is smaller than the nematode genome. B. Nematode DNA is circular. C. Spirochaete chromosomes are composed of just DNA while nematode chromosomes also include specialized proteins. D. Spirochaete DNA is linear.arrow_forward
- You are working in the lab and have measured the size of mRNA that has been transcribed from a particular gene in your cell population. The length of the gene in the cells you are working, measured from the start to the stop sequence is 9000 nucleotides. When you measure the RNA, however, the size is only 3000 nucleotides. What do you think happened? O a. Three DNA base pairs code for one RNA nucleotide. b. mRNA does not contain exons. c. There must have been a deletion mutation in the DNA in these cells. Od. The poly-A tail is present in the DNA but not on the mRNA. Oe. RNA splicing occurred, so introns are removed in the mRNA.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the genetic code are true and which are false? Correct each false statement. A.Each codon is composed of four bases. B.Some amino acids are represented by more than one carbon. C.All codons represent an amino acid. D.Each living species is thought to have its own unique genetic E.The codon AUG at the beginning of a sequence is a signal for protein synthesis to begin at that codon. F.It is not known if the code contains stop signals for protein synthesis.arrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. wobble hypothesis b. aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase c. tRNA d. AUG sequence e. synonymous codonarrow_forward
- An example of inappropriate expression of a protein and what could be learned from this type of experiment include(s); a. All of these would help a scientist to learn the functions of a protein. b. Limiting the level of protein to identify the variety of functions of a protein. c. Producing too much of a protein to identify the functions of a protein d. Producing a protein too early in development to identify the function of that proteinarrow_forwardBioinformatics is the science of using computational methods (specialized software) to decipher the biological meaning of information contained within an organismal system. If you have to identify a gene, for example from the fruit fly, that is of interest to you, and you would like to know whether the human genome contains a homolog (related gene) of the fruit fly gene, one tool you could use is a program called Group of answer choices RefSeq (species reference sequence) Excel BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) GenBankarrow_forwardA geneticist induces a mutation in eukaryote cells. The mutation results in an inability to form the poly(A) tail during processing of pre-mRNA. What does this mean for the mature mRNA and what will be the effect on these cells? Possible Answers: A. The mRNA will be spliced, but will not have a 5' cap. B. The mRNA will likely be degraded. C. The mRNA will not be cleaved. D. The mRNA will have too many Gs and Cs.arrow_forward
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