The Lk of a 5000 bp circular duplex DNA molecule with a nick in one strand. Introduction: Linking number (Lk) is a topological characteristic of a DNA molecule. It determines the numbers of helical turns within a closed-circular DNA molecule without any supercoiling. It does not vary whether the DNA is deformed or bent. It causes both DNA strands to remain intact.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 8P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5000 bp circular duplex DNA molecule with a nick in one strand.

Introduction:

Linking number (Lk) is a topological characteristic of a DNA molecule. It determines the numbers of helical turns within a closed-circular DNA molecule without any supercoiling. It does not vary whether the DNA is deformed or bent. It causes both DNA strands to remain intact.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5,000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule when the nick is sealed (relaxed).

Introduction:

Linking number does not vary, as long as both strands of DNA molecule remain intact. It defines the number of times in which each strand is underwinds around each other. During the relaxed form, the linkage number (Lk) is equal to the number of turns found in the DNA double helix.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way through which Lk of a 5’000 bp circular DNA duplex when it is in relaxed form, would be affected by the action of a single molecule of E. coli topoisomerase I.

Introduction:

Topoisomers are formed when two forms of a given circular DNA molecule differ only in a topological characteristic. Topoisomerase enzymes can increase or reduce the numbers of DNA underwinding. They can also influence the topological characteristics.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5,000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule after eight enzymatic turnovers by a single molecule of DNA gyrase in the presence of ATP.

Introduction:

DNA topoisomerase causes the reduction in topological stress that is formed during the strand separation within the DNA by helicases.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Lk of a 5000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule be after four enzymatic turnovers by a single molecule of bacterial type I topoisomerase.

Introduction:

Type I topoisomerase break one strand of double helical DNA molecule. The unbroken strand is further transferred to the single stranded breaks, and resealed.

(f)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule be after binding of one nucleosome core.

Introduction:

When a protein complex is associated for forming a nucleosome, the linking number does not change because the strand of DNA does not break and rejoin.

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The AG" of hydrolysis (ATP + H2O --> ADP + Pi) is -31.0 kJ/mol. Answer the following questions assuming that the steady-state concentrations in the cell are as indicated below. (Note: Steady-state refers to a non-equilibrium situation that exists due to a balance between reactions that supply and remove these substances.) [ADP] = 0.40 mM, [ATP] = 4.0 mM, and [Pi] = 40.0 mM a) Calculate the equilibrium constant for this reaction. b) What would the AG' for ATP hydrolysis be in the cell? c) Is this reaction at equilibrium in the cell? Briefly explain your answer.

5) Theoretically, ATP did not have to become our bodies' main energy currency. Two alternative carriers, acetyl phosphate and S-adenosylmethionine could have been utilized, rather than ATP. AG" for acetyl phosphate hydrolysis is -43.3 kJ/mol and AG" for S- adenosylmethionine hydrolysis is -25.6 kJ/mol. (a) Calculate the weight of each alternative energy carrier that would need to be consumed by humans on a 2000 calorie per day diet if our bodies could not recycle it. Assume a 50% absorption of energy from our diet. (b) If our bodies contain 25g of each alternative energy carrier and they CAN be recycled, how many times would each molecule of each energy carrier need to be recycled? (c) Comment on the special properties of ATP and why it is unlikely that these alternative carriers would be utilized biologically.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 8P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5000 bp circular duplex DNA molecule with a nick in one strand.

Introduction:

Linking number (Lk) is a topological characteristic of a DNA molecule. It determines the numbers of helical turns within a closed-circular DNA molecule without any supercoiling. It does not vary whether the DNA is deformed or bent. It causes both DNA strands to remain intact.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5,000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule when the nick is sealed (relaxed).

Introduction:

Linking number does not vary, as long as both strands of DNA molecule remain intact. It defines the number of times in which each strand is underwinds around each other. During the relaxed form, the linkage number (Lk) is equal to the number of turns found in the DNA double helix.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way through which Lk of a 5’000 bp circular DNA duplex when it is in relaxed form, would be affected by the action of a single molecule of E. coli topoisomerase I.

Introduction:

Topoisomers are formed when two forms of a given circular DNA molecule differ only in a topological characteristic. Topoisomerase enzymes can increase or reduce the numbers of DNA underwinding. They can also influence the topological characteristics.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5,000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule after eight enzymatic turnovers by a single molecule of DNA gyrase in the presence of ATP.

Introduction:

DNA topoisomerase causes the reduction in topological stress that is formed during the strand separation within the DNA by helicases.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Lk of a 5000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule be after four enzymatic turnovers by a single molecule of bacterial type I topoisomerase.

Introduction:

Type I topoisomerase break one strand of double helical DNA molecule. The unbroken strand is further transferred to the single stranded breaks, and resealed.

(f)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule be after binding of one nucleosome core.

Introduction:

When a protein complex is associated for forming a nucleosome, the linking number does not change because the strand of DNA does not break and rejoin.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 8P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5000 bp circular duplex DNA molecule with a nick in one strand.

Introduction:

Linking number (Lk) is a topological characteristic of a DNA molecule. It determines the numbers of helical turns within a closed-circular DNA molecule without any supercoiling. It does not vary whether the DNA is deformed or bent. It causes both DNA strands to remain intact.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5,000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule when the nick is sealed (relaxed).

Introduction:

Linking number does not vary, as long as both strands of DNA molecule remain intact. It defines the number of times in which each strand is underwinds around each other. During the relaxed form, the linkage number (Lk) is equal to the number of turns found in the DNA double helix.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way through which Lk of a 5’000 bp circular DNA duplex when it is in relaxed form, would be affected by the action of a single molecule of E. coli topoisomerase I.

Introduction:

Topoisomers are formed when two forms of a given circular DNA molecule differ only in a topological characteristic. Topoisomerase enzymes can increase or reduce the numbers of DNA underwinding. They can also influence the topological characteristics.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5,000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule after eight enzymatic turnovers by a single molecule of DNA gyrase in the presence of ATP.

Introduction:

DNA topoisomerase causes the reduction in topological stress that is formed during the strand separation within the DNA by helicases.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Lk of a 5000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule be after four enzymatic turnovers by a single molecule of bacterial type I topoisomerase.

Introduction:

Type I topoisomerase break one strand of double helical DNA molecule. The unbroken strand is further transferred to the single stranded breaks, and resealed.

(f)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule be after binding of one nucleosome core.

Introduction:

When a protein complex is associated for forming a nucleosome, the linking number does not change because the strand of DNA does not break and rejoin.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 8P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5000 bp circular duplex DNA molecule with a nick in one strand.

Introduction:

Linking number (Lk) is a topological characteristic of a DNA molecule. It determines the numbers of helical turns within a closed-circular DNA molecule without any supercoiling. It does not vary whether the DNA is deformed or bent. It causes both DNA strands to remain intact.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5,000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule when the nick is sealed (relaxed).

Introduction:

Linking number does not vary, as long as both strands of DNA molecule remain intact. It defines the number of times in which each strand is underwinds around each other. During the relaxed form, the linkage number (Lk) is equal to the number of turns found in the DNA double helix.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way through which Lk of a 5’000 bp circular DNA duplex when it is in relaxed form, would be affected by the action of a single molecule of E. coli topoisomerase I.

Introduction:

Topoisomers are formed when two forms of a given circular DNA molecule differ only in a topological characteristic. Topoisomerase enzymes can increase or reduce the numbers of DNA underwinding. They can also influence the topological characteristics.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5,000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule after eight enzymatic turnovers by a single molecule of DNA gyrase in the presence of ATP.

Introduction:

DNA topoisomerase causes the reduction in topological stress that is formed during the strand separation within the DNA by helicases.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Lk of a 5000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule be after four enzymatic turnovers by a single molecule of bacterial type I topoisomerase.

Introduction:

Type I topoisomerase break one strand of double helical DNA molecule. The unbroken strand is further transferred to the single stranded breaks, and resealed.

(f)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule be after binding of one nucleosome core.

Introduction:

When a protein complex is associated for forming a nucleosome, the linking number does not change because the strand of DNA does not break and rejoin.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 24, Problem 8P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5000 bp circular duplex DNA molecule with a nick in one strand.

Introduction:

Linking number (Lk) is a topological characteristic of a DNA molecule. It determines the numbers of helical turns within a closed-circular DNA molecule without any supercoiling. It does not vary whether the DNA is deformed or bent. It causes both DNA strands to remain intact.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5,000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule when the nick is sealed (relaxed).

Introduction:

Linking number does not vary, as long as both strands of DNA molecule remain intact. It defines the number of times in which each strand is underwinds around each other. During the relaxed form, the linkage number (Lk) is equal to the number of turns found in the DNA double helix.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way through which Lk of a 5’000 bp circular DNA duplex when it is in relaxed form, would be affected by the action of a single molecule of E. coli topoisomerase I.

Introduction:

Topoisomers are formed when two forms of a given circular DNA molecule differ only in a topological characteristic. Topoisomerase enzymes can increase or reduce the numbers of DNA underwinding. They can also influence the topological characteristics.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5,000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule after eight enzymatic turnovers by a single molecule of DNA gyrase in the presence of ATP.

Introduction:

DNA topoisomerase causes the reduction in topological stress that is formed during the strand separation within the DNA by helicases.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Lk of a 5000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule be after four enzymatic turnovers by a single molecule of bacterial type I topoisomerase.

Introduction:

Type I topoisomerase break one strand of double helical DNA molecule. The unbroken strand is further transferred to the single stranded breaks, and resealed.

(f)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule be after binding of one nucleosome core.

Introduction:

When a protein complex is associated for forming a nucleosome, the linking number does not change because the strand of DNA does not break and rejoin.

Answer 6

Chapter 24, Problem 8P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5000 bp circular duplex DNA molecule with a nick in one strand.

Introduction:

Linking number (Lk) is a topological characteristic of a DNA molecule. It determines the numbers of helical turns within a closed-circular DNA molecule without any supercoiling. It does not vary whether the DNA is deformed or bent. It causes both DNA strands to remain intact.

Answer 7

Chapter 24, Problem 8P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5000 bp circular duplex DNA molecule with a nick in one strand.

Introduction:

Linking number (Lk) is a topological characteristic of a DNA molecule. It determines the numbers of helical turns within a closed-circular DNA molecule without any supercoiling. It does not vary whether the DNA is deformed or bent. It causes both DNA strands to remain intact.

Answer 8

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5,000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule when the nick is sealed (relaxed).

Introduction:

Linking number does not vary, as long as both strands of DNA molecule remain intact. It defines the number of times in which each strand is underwinds around each other. During the relaxed form, the linkage number (Lk) is equal to the number of turns found in the DNA double helix.

Answer 9

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5,000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule when the nick is sealed (relaxed).

Introduction:

Linking number does not vary, as long as both strands of DNA molecule remain intact. It defines the number of times in which each strand is underwinds around each other. During the relaxed form, the linkage number (Lk) is equal to the number of turns found in the DNA double helix.

Answer 10

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way through which Lk of a 5’000 bp circular DNA duplex when it is in relaxed form, would be affected by the action of a single molecule of E. coli topoisomerase I.

Introduction:

Topoisomers are formed when two forms of a given circular DNA molecule differ only in a topological characteristic. Topoisomerase enzymes can increase or reduce the numbers of DNA underwinding. They can also influence the topological characteristics.

Answer 11

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way through which Lk of a 5’000 bp circular DNA duplex when it is in relaxed form, would be affected by the action of a single molecule of E. coli topoisomerase I.

Introduction:

Topoisomers are formed when two forms of a given circular DNA molecule differ only in a topological characteristic. Topoisomerase enzymes can increase or reduce the numbers of DNA underwinding. They can also influence the topological characteristics.

Answer 12

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5,000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule after eight enzymatic turnovers by a single molecule of DNA gyrase in the presence of ATP.

Introduction:

DNA topoisomerase causes the reduction in topological stress that is formed during the strand separation within the DNA by helicases.

Answer 13

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5,000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule after eight enzymatic turnovers by a single molecule of DNA gyrase in the presence of ATP.

Introduction:

DNA topoisomerase causes the reduction in topological stress that is formed during the strand separation within the DNA by helicases.

Answer 14

(e)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Lk of a 5000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule be after four enzymatic turnovers by a single molecule of bacterial type I topoisomerase.

Introduction:

Type I topoisomerase break one strand of double helical DNA molecule. The unbroken strand is further transferred to the single stranded breaks, and resealed.

Answer 15

(e)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Lk of a 5000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule be after four enzymatic turnovers by a single molecule of bacterial type I topoisomerase.

Introduction:

Type I topoisomerase break one strand of double helical DNA molecule. The unbroken strand is further transferred to the single stranded breaks, and resealed.

Answer 16

(f)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule be after binding of one nucleosome core.

Introduction:

When a protein complex is associated for forming a nucleosome, the linking number does not change because the strand of DNA does not break and rejoin.

Answer 17

(f)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The Lk of a 5000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule be after binding of one nucleosome core.

Introduction:

When a protein complex is associated for forming a nucleosome, the linking number does not change because the strand of DNA does not break and rejoin.

Answer 18

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Answer 19

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Answer 20

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Answer 21

Ch. 24 - Prob. 1P Ch. 24 - Prob. 2P Ch. 24 - Prob. 3P Ch. 24 - Prob. 4P Ch. 24 - Prob. 5P Ch. 24 - Prob. 6P Ch. 24 - Prob. 7P Ch. 24 - Prob. 8P Ch. 24 - Prob. 9P Ch. 24 - Prob. 10P

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To determine: The Lk of a 5000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule be after binding of one nucleosome core.

Introduction:

When a protein complex is associated for forming a nucleosome, the linking number does not change because the strand of DNA does not break and rejoin.

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Chapter 24 Solutions

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To determine: The Lk of a 5000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule be after binding of one nucleosome core. Introduction: When a protein complex is associated for forming a nucleosome, the linking number does not change because the strand of DNA does not break and rejoin.

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Chapter 24 Solutions

To determine: The Lk of a 5000 bp circular DNA duplex molecule be after binding of one nucleosome core.

Introduction:

When a protein complex is associated for forming a nucleosome, the linking number does not change because the strand of DNA does not break and rejoin.