Human Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780805382952
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 24, Problem 8CYR
Fill in the blanks for the following statements:
a. When the GFR decreases, the macula densa releases chemicals to ________the afferent arteriole.
b. The sympathetic nervous system _______the blood vessels supplying the kidney to the glomerular filtration rate.
c. The enzyme _________is released by JG cells in response to a decrease in the GFR.
d. The enzyme _______converts angiotensin-I to angiotensin-II.
e. Generally, angiotensin-II ______systemic blood pressure while _______the GFR.
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Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. a. The kidneys are retroperitoneal and covered by three layers of connective tissue. b. Internally, the kidneys consist of an outer renal medulla, a middle renal pelvis, and an inner renal cortex. c. The first capillary bed of the kidneys is the peritubular capillaries,which are fed by the afferent arteriole and drained by the efferent arteriole. d. Filtrate flows from the renal corpuscle to the distal tubule, the nephron loop, the proximal tubule, and into the collecting system.
Glomerular filtration can be increased by which of the following?
A. Increasing blood flow via afferent arteriole
B. Decreasing blood flow via afferent arteriole
C. Decreasing arterial blood pressure
D. Increasing blood flow via efferent arteriole
The answer is (A) Increasing blood flow via afferent arteriole. Please explain why it is not the other options (B,C,D)
The amount of sodium in Bowman's capsule can be doubled by:
A. Doubling of glomerular hydrostatic pressure
B. Doubling of Glomerular oncotic pressure
C. Doubling of Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure
D. Doubling of GFR
OE. Doubling of urine output
Chapter 24 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 24.1 - What are the organs of the urinary system?Ch. 24.1 - 2. What are the basic functions of the kidneys?
Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 1QCCh. 24.2 - 2. What are the three regions of the kidney, and...Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 3QCCh. 24.2 - Trace the sequence of blood flow through the...Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 5QCCh. 24.2 - Prob. 6QCCh. 24.2 - Trace the pathway filtrate takes through the...Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 1QC
Ch. 24.3 - 2. How do tubular reabsorption and tubular...Ch. 24.4 - Prob. 1QCCh. 24.4 - Prob. 2QCCh. 24.4 - Prob. 3QCCh. 24.4 - 4. What is the GFR?
Ch. 24.4 - Prob. 5QCCh. 24.4 - Prob. 6QCCh. 24.4 - 7. How does tubuloglomerular feedback affect the...Ch. 24.4 - Prob. 8QCCh. 24.4 - Prob. 9QCCh. 24.4 - Prob. 10QCCh. 24.4 - How does the sympathetic nervous system affect the...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 1QCCh. 24.5 - Prob. 2QCCh. 24.5 - Prob. 3QCCh. 24.5 - What is obligatory water reabsorption?Ch. 24.5 - How do the permeabilities of the two limbs of the...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 6QCCh. 24.5 - Prob. 7QCCh. 24.5 - Prob. 8QCCh. 24.6 - Prob. 1QCCh. 24.6 - Prob. 2QCCh. 24.6 - Prob. 3QCCh. 24.6 - Prob. 4QCCh. 24.6 - 5. What three factors allow the kidney to produce...Ch. 24.6 - 6. How is concentrated urine produced?
Ch. 24.8 - 1. What is the normal composition of urine?
Ch. 24.8 - Prob. 2QCCh. 24.8 - 3. What is renal clearance, and what is it used...Ch. 24.9 - Prob. 1QCCh. 24.9 - 2. What are the functions of the ureters and...Ch. 24.9 - Prob. 3QCCh. 24.9 - Prob. 4QCCh. 24.9 - Prob. 5QCCh. 24 - What are the four main organs of the urinary...Ch. 24 - 2. Which of the following is not a physiological...Ch. 24 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 24 - Prob. 4CYRCh. 24 - Prob. 5CYRCh. 24 - Which of the following substances would pass...Ch. 24 -
7. Fill in the blanks: Glomerular hydrostatic...Ch. 24 - Fill in the blanks for the following statements:...Ch. 24 - Which of the following is false about the GFR? a....Ch. 24 - The route by which substances are reabsorbed by...Ch. 24 -
11. Mark the following statements as true or...Ch. 24 - Dilute urine is produced when decreased levels of...Ch. 24 - Prob. 13CYRCh. 24 - Prob. 14CYRCh. 24 - Prob. 15CYRCh. 24 - 16. The GFR may be estimated by measuring the rate...Ch. 24 - Prob. 17CYRCh. 24 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 24 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 24 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 24 - Why must the kidneys establish a concentration...Ch. 24 - 1. Drugs that treat hypertension, or high blood...Ch. 24 - Prob. 2AYKACh. 24 - 3. Deana is a 4-year-old girl with a rare genetic...Ch. 24 - 4. Explain how each of the drugs in question 1...Ch. 24 - 5. What might it mean if you found a high...
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- Which of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesarrow_forwardBlood pressure forces water and small solutes out of blood and into nephrons during ________. a. glomerular filtration c. tubular secretion b. tubular reabsorption d. both a and carrow_forwardFatty tissue holds the kidneys in place. Extremely rapid weight loss may cause this tissue to shrink so that the kidneys slip from their normal position. On rare occasions, the slippage can put a kink in one or both ureters and block urine flow. Suggest what might then happen to the kidneys.arrow_forward
- Plasma fluid filtered into Bowmans capsule flows directly into the ________. a. renal artery c. distal tubule b. proximal tubule d. loop of Henlearrow_forwardVesicoureteral reflux occurs in children because: O a. as the bladder in infants and children fill, it pulls the smooth lining of the transitional epithelium away from the ureters so that the reflux valves are ineffective. b. the submucosal segment of the ureter is short, making the antireflux mechanism inefficient. O c. they do not ask for help in urinating in a timely manner and urine is forced up into the ureters. d. the trigone lying between the opening to the ureters and the urethra is underdeveloped.arrow_forwardWhich of the following will decrease filtration at the glomerulus? ( check all that apply) A. Low colloid osmotic pressure B. Low capsular pressure C. A relatively large diameter of theefferent arterioles compared to theafferent arteriole. D. Increased number of podocytes at theglomerulusarrow_forward
- Renin secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells in the afferent arteriole will lead to: A. Decreased plasma volume B. Decreased total body water C. Decreased water intake D. Decreased urine volume E. Decreased cardiac outputarrow_forwardAn increase in renal plasma flow without an increase in GFR will likely result in:a. Diuresisb. Antidiuresisc. Antinatriuresisd. No change of urine outputarrow_forwardWhich one of the following statements is false?a. Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is greater than the osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in the plasma within the glomerular capillaries.b. If the osmotic pressure exerted by solutes in the peritubular capillaries is greater than the blood pressure in those capillaries, then water will be reabsorbed.c. Endothelial cells in glomerular capillaries are highly permeable, facilitating filtration of fluid into Bowman’s capsule.d. Constriction of the afferent arteriole is likely to reduce the volume of filtrate appearing in Bowman’s capsule.e. The efferent arteriole carries blood from the glomerular capillaries directly to the renal vein.0.5 pointsQuestion 2Your doctor calls with the results of your urinalysis and tells you that they found proteinuria, the presence of abnormal amounts of protein in your urine sample. What could have caused this?a. Infection and inflammation in the kidney.b. Abnormally high concentration of plasma…arrow_forward
- The juxtaglomerular complex is associated with: a. Controlling blood pressure b. Water reabsorption c. Urine production d. Production of aldosteronearrow_forwardB , blood colloid/osmotic pressure A, capsular hydrostatic pressure C, glomerular hydrostatic pressure D , blood pressure of the afferent arteriolearrow_forwardWhen fluid flow through the ascending loop of Henle increases as a result of increased GFR, the macula densa cells send a chemical message to the neighboring afferent arteriole. The afferent arteriole constricts, increasing resistance and decreasing GFR. This type of autoregulation involving both the kidney tubule and the arteriole is known as ________. myogenic tone b. macula densa cells c. countercurrent multiplication d. tubuloglomerular feedback e. juxtaglomerular feedbackarrow_forward
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