Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399074
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 24, Problem 32GQ
There are 41 = 4 mononucleotides of DNA, there are 42 = 16 possible dinucleotides, and so on. If a segment of DNA were completely random, how many
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A forensic scientist is trying to find out the number of adenine bases in the DNA sample that he obtained from a crime scene. What can he assume about the number of adenine? O The number of adenine bases will be equal to the number of guanine bases. O The number of adenine bases will be equal to the total of all the other bases. O The number of adenine bases will be equal to the number of thymine bases. O The number of adenine bases will be half of the number of cytosine bases.
A segment of double-stranded DNA contains 200 purines and 200 pyrimidines. It could be composed of
O 100 thymine, 100 cytosine, 100 guanine and 100 adenine molecules.
200 guanine and 200 thymine molecules.
O 200 adenine and 200 cytosine molecules.
O 200 cytosine and 200 thymine molecules.
O 200 adenine and 200 uracil molecules.
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. It contains the biological instructions that make each species unique. DNA, along with the instructions it contains, is passed from adult organisms to their offspring during reproduction. Nearly every cell in a person's body has the same DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA).
The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases, and more than 99 percent of those bases are the same in all people.
The order, or sequence, of these bases determines the information available for building and maintaining an organism, similar to the way in which letters of the alphabet appear in a certain order to form words and sentences.
DNA bases…
Chapter 24 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Ch. 24.1 - Draw the Lewis structure for the tripeptide...Ch. 24.3 - What is the sequence of the strand of DNA...Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 24.3CYUCh. 24.5 - Kynamro has the hydrogen bonding sequence:...Ch. 24.5 - The formula of Kynamro is...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 1.3ACPCh. 24.5 - Prob. 2.1ACPCh. 24.5 - Prob. 2.2ACPCh. 24.5 - Prob. 2.3ACPCh. 24 - (a) Draw the Lewis structure for the amino acid...
Ch. 24 - (a) Draw the Lewis structure for the amino acid...Ch. 24 - Prob. 3PSCh. 24 - Prob. 4PSCh. 24 - Draw Lewis structures for the two dipeptides that...Ch. 24 - Do the amino acid sequences: valine-asparagine and...Ch. 24 - Draw the Lewis structure for the tripeptide...Ch. 24 - Prob. 8PSCh. 24 - Prob. 9PSCh. 24 - Prob. 10PSCh. 24 - Prob. 11PSCh. 24 - Prob. 12PSCh. 24 - (a) Draw the structural formula for the sugar...Ch. 24 - (a) Draw the structural formula for the sugar -D-2...Ch. 24 - Prob. 15PSCh. 24 - Prob. 16PSCh. 24 - Given the following nucleotide sequence in DNA:...Ch. 24 - Given the following nucleotide sequence in DNA: 5'...Ch. 24 - Prob. 19PSCh. 24 - If a drop of oleic acid is added to a dish of...Ch. 24 - What structure do all steroids have in common?Ch. 24 - Prob. 22PSCh. 24 - Prob. 23PSCh. 24 - The chemical equation for the fermentation of...Ch. 24 - Prob. 25PSCh. 24 - Prob. 26PSCh. 24 - Prob. 27GQCh. 24 - Prob. 28GQCh. 24 - Prob. 29GQCh. 24 - Prob. 30GQCh. 24 - Prob. 31GQCh. 24 - There are 41 = 4 mononucleotides of DNA, there are...Ch. 24 - Prob. 33GQCh. 24 - The first step of the metabolic process known as...Ch. 24 - Prob. 35ILCh. 24 - Insulin is a protein important in the metabolism...Ch. 24 - Prob. 37SCQCh. 24 - Prob. 38SCQCh. 24 - Do the DNA sequences ATGC and CGTA represent the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 41SCQCh. 24 - Which of the following statements is/are true? (a)...
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- Although RNA is single-stranded, the strand sometimes folds back on itself to give a complementary portion. What would be the complementary portion of the RNA fragment having the bases uracil-cytosine-guanine? A virus is a particle that contains DNA or RNA that is surrounded by a coat of protein that can replicate only in a host cell. The influencza virus shown in this electron microscope image is an RNA virus.arrow_forwardA protein structure is solely determined by the sequence of amino acids in the primary structure. Suppose that you were to genetically engineer a new protein by keeping the exact same sequence, but it was completely reversed in the order of amino acids compared to the original. Would the new protein have the same tertiary structure as the original? Why?arrow_forwardNucleotides appear in nucleic acids, as coenzymes in metabolism, and as chemical messengers. One example of the last is cyclic-adenosine monophosphate, CAMP, where the phosphate group forms a ring with two of the ribose carbons. Which of the following represents CAMP NH₂ HO N 0 OH OH HOW HO OH NH NH₂arrow_forward
- You ask the individual if they are taking any non-prescription drugs. They tell you they recently started taking a coenzyme Q10 supplement based on a recommendation from a friend. The structure of coenzyme Q10 is shown below. Looking at the structure of the molecule, which one of the 4 major classes of macromolecules (carbohydrate, lipid, proteins or nucleotides) does it most closely resemble? Be sure to include specific chemical characteristics that support this decision.arrow_forwardDeoxyadenosine monophosphate (dAMP) and guanosine monophosphate (GMP) are nucleotides. The similarities between dAMP and GMP are that they both have? -an alpha (central) carbon.-the same R group.-a phosphate group.-a pentose (5 sided) sugar-an amino group-a nitrogenous base.arrow_forwardSelect the single best answer. Watson and Crick determined that the DNA molecule has two helical strands. Each strand is made up which consist of a base, a deoxyribose, and a phosphate group linked together. of What word most correctly fills in the blank in the preceding statement? nucleotides fatty acids monosaccharides amino acidsarrow_forward
- Please answer the first question (number 7)arrow_forwardShown below is a structure in which two amino acids are connected by a peptide bond. What are the names of the two amino acids in this structure? [Select TWO options.] HO NH3 Glutamine O Tryptophan O Leucine O Threonine Aspartate (a.k.a. aspartic acid) Alanine O Serine O Valine O Cysteine O Methionine O Phenylalanine O Arginine O Histidine O Tyrosine O Glutamate (a.k.a. glutamic acid) O Glycine O Proline Asparagine O Lysine OIsoleucine NH2 NH2arrow_forwardComplete hydrolysis of a 100.00-g sample of a peptide gave the following amounts of individual amino acids (molarmasses, in g/mol, appear in parentheses):3.00 g of glycine (75.07) ;0.90 g of alanine (89.10);3.70 g of valine (117.15);6.90 g of proline (115.13);7.30 g of serine (105.10);86.00 g of arginine (174.21);(a) Why does the total mass of amino acids exceed the mass of peptide? (b) What are the relative numbers of amino acids in the peptide? (c) What is the minimum molar mass of the peptide?arrow_forward
- Shown below is a structure in which two amino acids are connected by a peptide bond. What are the names of the two amino acids in this structure? [Select TWO options.] HO NH3 Glutamine O Tryptophan Leucine Threonine Aspartate (a.k.a. aspartic acid) O Alanine Serine O Valine O Cysteine O Methionine O Phenylalanine O Arginine O Histidine O Tyrosine O Glutamate (a.k.a. glutamic acid) O Glycine O Proline Asparagine O Lysine Isoleucine NH₂ NH2arrow_forward8. Two substitution mutations are shown below; each changes an mRNA codon for an enzyme: UUA changes to AUA GAU changes to GUU One substitution has little effect on the biological activity of the enzyme, while the other is highly damaging. Predict which mutation will cause more damage, and justify your answer.arrow_forwardShown are the configuration of a gel electrophoresis experiment. Charged plates establish an electric field on a region of gel between the plates. A solution of DNA fragments, which acquire a negative charge in solution, is analyzed by using an electric field to drive the fragments through the gel. A drag force opposes the motion, causing the fragments to move at a constant speed. Larger fragments move more slowly, so the fragments separate by size to give a “fingerprint” of the sample. What is the energy transformation as the fragments move through the gel?A. Electric potential energy to kinetic energyB. Electric potential energy to thermal energyC. Electric potential energy to kinetic energy and thermal energyD. Kinetic energy to thermal energyarrow_forward
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Nucleic acids - DNA and RNA structure; Author: MEDSimplified;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lZRAShqft0;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY