(a) Interpretation: Equations which represent the given observation that when a mixture of M g ( O H ) 2 ( s ) and Z n ( O H ) 2 ( s ) is treated with N H 3 ( a q ) , the Z n ( O H ) 2 dissolves but the M g ( O H ) 2 ( s ) is left behind should be determined. Concept introduction: A complex ion is formed when a metal ion reacts with a Lewis base in solution. This reaction is characterized in terms of chemical equilibrium . A complexion comprises of a ligand and a metal ion as a result of an interaction of Lewis acid-base. Metal ion which is positively charged functions as a Lewis acid. Lewis base or the ligand has one or more lone pairs of electrons. For example, Cu 2 +, which is a highly charged and small metal ion having the major tendency to function as Lewis acids, consequently exhibiting the greatest affinity to form complex ions.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 25E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Equations which represent the given observation that when a mixture of Mg(OH)2(s) and Zn(OH)2(s) is treated with NH3(aq), the Zn(OH)2 dissolves but the Mg(OH)2(s) is left behind should be determined.

Concept introduction:

A complex ion is formed when a metal ion reacts with a Lewis base in solution. This reaction is characterized in terms of chemical equilibrium. A complexion comprises of a ligand and a metal ion as a result of an interaction of Lewis acid-base.

Metal ion which is positively charged functions as a Lewis acid. Lewis base or the ligand has one or more lone pairs of electrons. For example, Cu²+, which is a highly charged and small metal ion having the major tendency to function as Lewis acids, consequently exhibiting the greatest affinity to form complex ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Equations which represent the given observation that when NaOH(aq) is added to CuSO4(aq) a pale blue precipitate is formed. After that, when NH3(aq) is added then the precipitate redissolves and produces a solution with an intense deep blue color. If the obtained blue deep blue solution is made acidic with HNO3(aq) the color is converted back to pale blue should be determined.

Concept introduction:

A complex ion is formed when a metal ion reacts with a Lewis base in solution. This reaction is defined in terms of chemical equilibrium. A complexion comprises of a ligand and a metal ion as a result of an interaction of Lewis acid-base.

Metal ion which is positively charged functions as a Lewis acid. Lewis base or the ligand has one or more lone pairs of electrons. For example, Cu²+, which is a highly charged and small metal ion having the major tendency to function as Lewis acids, consequently exhibiting the greatest affinity to form complex ions.

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4. C6H100 5 I peak 3 2 PPM Integration values: 1.79ppm (2), 4.43ppm (1.33) Ipeak

None

3. Consider the compounds below and determine if they are aromatic, antiaromatic, or non-aromatic. In case of aromatic or anti-aromatic, please indicate number of I electrons in the respective systems. (Hint: 1. Not all lone pair electrons were explicitly drawn and you should be able to tell that the bonding electrons and lone pair electrons should reside in which hybridized atomic orbital 2. You should consider ring strain- flexibility and steric repulsion that facilitates adoption of aromaticity or avoidance of anti- aromaticity) H H N N: NH2 N Aromaticity (Circle) Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic aromatic TT electrons Me H Me Aromaticity (Circle) Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic aromatic πT electrons H HH…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 25E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Equations which represent the given observation that when a mixture of Mg(OH)2(s) and Zn(OH)2(s) is treated with NH3(aq), the Zn(OH)2 dissolves but the Mg(OH)2(s) is left behind should be determined.

Concept introduction:

A complex ion is formed when a metal ion reacts with a Lewis base in solution. This reaction is characterized in terms of chemical equilibrium. A complexion comprises of a ligand and a metal ion as a result of an interaction of Lewis acid-base.

Metal ion which is positively charged functions as a Lewis acid. Lewis base or the ligand has one or more lone pairs of electrons. For example, Cu²+, which is a highly charged and small metal ion having the major tendency to function as Lewis acids, consequently exhibiting the greatest affinity to form complex ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Equations which represent the given observation that when NaOH(aq) is added to CuSO4(aq) a pale blue precipitate is formed. After that, when NH3(aq) is added then the precipitate redissolves and produces a solution with an intense deep blue color. If the obtained blue deep blue solution is made acidic with HNO3(aq) the color is converted back to pale blue should be determined.

Concept introduction:

A complex ion is formed when a metal ion reacts with a Lewis base in solution. This reaction is defined in terms of chemical equilibrium. A complexion comprises of a ligand and a metal ion as a result of an interaction of Lewis acid-base.

Metal ion which is positively charged functions as a Lewis acid. Lewis base or the ligand has one or more lone pairs of electrons. For example, Cu²+, which is a highly charged and small metal ion having the major tendency to function as Lewis acids, consequently exhibiting the greatest affinity to form complex ions.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 25E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Equations which represent the given observation that when a mixture of Mg(OH)2(s) and Zn(OH)2(s) is treated with NH3(aq), the Zn(OH)2 dissolves but the Mg(OH)2(s) is left behind should be determined.

Concept introduction:

A complex ion is formed when a metal ion reacts with a Lewis base in solution. This reaction is characterized in terms of chemical equilibrium. A complexion comprises of a ligand and a metal ion as a result of an interaction of Lewis acid-base.

Metal ion which is positively charged functions as a Lewis acid. Lewis base or the ligand has one or more lone pairs of electrons. For example, Cu²+, which is a highly charged and small metal ion having the major tendency to function as Lewis acids, consequently exhibiting the greatest affinity to form complex ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Equations which represent the given observation that when NaOH(aq) is added to CuSO4(aq) a pale blue precipitate is formed. After that, when NH3(aq) is added then the precipitate redissolves and produces a solution with an intense deep blue color. If the obtained blue deep blue solution is made acidic with HNO3(aq) the color is converted back to pale blue should be determined.

Concept introduction:

A complex ion is formed when a metal ion reacts with a Lewis base in solution. This reaction is defined in terms of chemical equilibrium. A complexion comprises of a ligand and a metal ion as a result of an interaction of Lewis acid-base.

Metal ion which is positively charged functions as a Lewis acid. Lewis base or the ligand has one or more lone pairs of electrons. For example, Cu²+, which is a highly charged and small metal ion having the major tendency to function as Lewis acids, consequently exhibiting the greatest affinity to form complex ions.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 25E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Equations which represent the given observation that when a mixture of Mg(OH)2(s) and Zn(OH)2(s) is treated with NH3(aq), the Zn(OH)2 dissolves but the Mg(OH)2(s) is left behind should be determined.

Concept introduction:

A complex ion is formed when a metal ion reacts with a Lewis base in solution. This reaction is characterized in terms of chemical equilibrium. A complexion comprises of a ligand and a metal ion as a result of an interaction of Lewis acid-base.

Metal ion which is positively charged functions as a Lewis acid. Lewis base or the ligand has one or more lone pairs of electrons. For example, Cu²+, which is a highly charged and small metal ion having the major tendency to function as Lewis acids, consequently exhibiting the greatest affinity to form complex ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Equations which represent the given observation that when NaOH(aq) is added to CuSO4(aq) a pale blue precipitate is formed. After that, when NH3(aq) is added then the precipitate redissolves and produces a solution with an intense deep blue color. If the obtained blue deep blue solution is made acidic with HNO3(aq) the color is converted back to pale blue should be determined.

Concept introduction:

A complex ion is formed when a metal ion reacts with a Lewis base in solution. This reaction is defined in terms of chemical equilibrium. A complexion comprises of a ligand and a metal ion as a result of an interaction of Lewis acid-base.

Metal ion which is positively charged functions as a Lewis acid. Lewis base or the ligand has one or more lone pairs of electrons. For example, Cu²+, which is a highly charged and small metal ion having the major tendency to function as Lewis acids, consequently exhibiting the greatest affinity to form complex ions.

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Answer 5

Chapter 24, Problem 25E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Equations which represent the given observation that when a mixture of Mg(OH)2(s) and Zn(OH)2(s) is treated with NH3(aq), the Zn(OH)2 dissolves but the Mg(OH)2(s) is left behind should be determined.

Concept introduction:

A complex ion is formed when a metal ion reacts with a Lewis base in solution. This reaction is characterized in terms of chemical equilibrium. A complexion comprises of a ligand and a metal ion as a result of an interaction of Lewis acid-base.

Metal ion which is positively charged functions as a Lewis acid. Lewis base or the ligand has one or more lone pairs of electrons. For example, Cu²+, which is a highly charged and small metal ion having the major tendency to function as Lewis acids, consequently exhibiting the greatest affinity to form complex ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Equations which represent the given observation that when NaOH(aq) is added to CuSO4(aq) a pale blue precipitate is formed. After that, when NH3(aq) is added then the precipitate redissolves and produces a solution with an intense deep blue color. If the obtained blue deep blue solution is made acidic with HNO3(aq) the color is converted back to pale blue should be determined.

Concept introduction:

A complex ion is formed when a metal ion reacts with a Lewis base in solution. This reaction is defined in terms of chemical equilibrium. A complexion comprises of a ligand and a metal ion as a result of an interaction of Lewis acid-base.

Metal ion which is positively charged functions as a Lewis acid. Lewis base or the ligand has one or more lone pairs of electrons. For example, Cu²+, which is a highly charged and small metal ion having the major tendency to function as Lewis acids, consequently exhibiting the greatest affinity to form complex ions.

Answer 6

Chapter 24, Problem 25E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Equations which represent the given observation that when a mixture of Mg(OH)2(s) and Zn(OH)2(s) is treated with NH3(aq), the Zn(OH)2 dissolves but the Mg(OH)2(s) is left behind should be determined.

Concept introduction:

A complex ion is formed when a metal ion reacts with a Lewis base in solution. This reaction is characterized in terms of chemical equilibrium. A complexion comprises of a ligand and a metal ion as a result of an interaction of Lewis acid-base.

Metal ion which is positively charged functions as a Lewis acid. Lewis base or the ligand has one or more lone pairs of electrons. For example, Cu²+, which is a highly charged and small metal ion having the major tendency to function as Lewis acids, consequently exhibiting the greatest affinity to form complex ions.

Answer 7

Chapter 24, Problem 25E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Equations which represent the given observation that when a mixture of Mg(OH)2(s) and Zn(OH)2(s) is treated with NH3(aq), the Zn(OH)2 dissolves but the Mg(OH)2(s) is left behind should be determined.

Concept introduction:

A complex ion is formed when a metal ion reacts with a Lewis base in solution. This reaction is characterized in terms of chemical equilibrium. A complexion comprises of a ligand and a metal ion as a result of an interaction of Lewis acid-base.

Metal ion which is positively charged functions as a Lewis acid. Lewis base or the ligand has one or more lone pairs of electrons. For example, Cu²+, which is a highly charged and small metal ion having the major tendency to function as Lewis acids, consequently exhibiting the greatest affinity to form complex ions.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Equations which represent the given observation that when NaOH(aq) is added to CuSO4(aq) a pale blue precipitate is formed. After that, when NH3(aq) is added then the precipitate redissolves and produces a solution with an intense deep blue color. If the obtained blue deep blue solution is made acidic with HNO3(aq) the color is converted back to pale blue should be determined.

Concept introduction:

A complex ion is formed when a metal ion reacts with a Lewis base in solution. This reaction is defined in terms of chemical equilibrium. A complexion comprises of a ligand and a metal ion as a result of an interaction of Lewis acid-base.

Metal ion which is positively charged functions as a Lewis acid. Lewis base or the ligand has one or more lone pairs of electrons. For example, Cu²+, which is a highly charged and small metal ion having the major tendency to function as Lewis acids, consequently exhibiting the greatest affinity to form complex ions.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Equations which represent the given observation that when NaOH(aq) is added to CuSO4(aq) a pale blue precipitate is formed. After that, when NH3(aq) is added then the precipitate redissolves and produces a solution with an intense deep blue color. If the obtained blue deep blue solution is made acidic with HNO3(aq) the color is converted back to pale blue should be determined.

Concept introduction:

A complex ion is formed when a metal ion reacts with a Lewis base in solution. This reaction is defined in terms of chemical equilibrium. A complexion comprises of a ligand and a metal ion as a result of an interaction of Lewis acid-base.

Metal ion which is positively charged functions as a Lewis acid. Lewis base or the ligand has one or more lone pairs of electrons. For example, Cu²+, which is a highly charged and small metal ion having the major tendency to function as Lewis acids, consequently exhibiting the greatest affinity to form complex ions.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 24 - Prob. 1E Ch. 24 - Prob. 2E Ch. 24 - Prob. 3E Ch. 24 - Write appropriate formulas for the following. a....Ch. 24 - Prob. 5E Ch. 24 - Prob. 6E Ch. 24 - Prob. 7E Ch. 24 - Prob. 8E Ch. 24 - Prob. 9E Ch. 24 - Prob. 10E

Solution Summary: The author explains that a complex ion is formed when he or she reacts with the Lewis base in solution, characterized by chemical equilibrium.

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