Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 24, Problem 21RQ
The advantage of yeast cells over bacterial cells to express human proteins is that:
- yeast cells grow faster
- yeast cells are easier to manipulate genetically
- yeast cells are eukaryotic and modify proteins similarly to human cells
- yeast cells are easily lysed to purify the proteins
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The most selectively toxic antibacterial agents are those that interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis. This is because ________.
Group of answer choices
bacterial cell wall synthesis is easily inhibited whereas eukaryotic cell wall synthesis is more resistant to the actions of the drugs
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eukaryotic cells do not take up the drugs
eukaryotic cells inactivate the drugs before they can do any damage
Chapter 24 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 24 - Figure 24.14 Which of the following statements is...Ch. 24 - Figure 24.17 Which of the following statements is...Ch. 24 - Figure 24.21 If symbiotic fungi are absent from...Ch. 24 - Which polysaccharide is usually found in the cell...Ch. 24 - Which of these organelles is not found in a fungal...Ch. 24 - The wall dividing individual cells in a fungal...Ch. 24 - During sexual reproduction, a homothallic mycelium...Ch. 24 - The life cycles of perfect fungi are most similar...Ch. 24 - The most primitive phylum of fungi is the...Ch. 24 - Members of which phylum produce a club shaped...
Ch. 24 - Members of which phylum establish a successful...Ch. 24 - The fungi that do not reproduce sexually used to...Ch. 24 - A scientist discovers a new species of fungus that...Ch. 24 - What term describes the close association of a...Ch. 24 - Why are fungi important decomposers? They produce...Ch. 24 - Consider an ecosystem where all the fungi not...Ch. 24 - A fungus that climbs up a tree reaching higher...Ch. 24 - A fungal infection that affects nails and skin is...Ch. 24 - The targets for anti-fungal drugs are much more...Ch. 24 - Yeast is a facultative anaerobe. This means that...Ch. 24 - The advantage of yeast cells over bacterial cells...Ch. 24 - Why are fungal insecticides an attractive...Ch. 24 - What are the evolutionary advantages for an...Ch. 24 - Compare plants, animals, and fungi, considering...Ch. 24 - Why is the large surface area of the mycelium...Ch. 24 - What is the advantage for a basidiomycete to...Ch. 24 - For each of the four groups of perfect fungi...Ch. 24 - Why does protection from light actually benefit...Ch. 24 - Ambrosia bark beetles carry Amb/os/e//a fungal...Ch. 24 - Ecologists often attempt to introduce new plants...Ch. 24 - Why can superficial mycoses in humans lead to...Ch. 24 - Explain how the Red Queen Hypothesis describes the...Ch. 24 - Historically, artisanal breads were produced by...Ch. 24 - How would treating an area of a forest with a...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A typical prokaryotic cell ________ compared to a eukaryotic cell. a. is smaller in size by a factor of 100 b. is similar in size c. is smaller in size by a factor of one million d. is larger in size by a factor of 10arrow_forwardAntibiotics and Protein Synthesis Antibiotics are molecules produced by microorganisms as defense mechanisms. The most effective antibiotics work by interfering with essential biochemical or reproductive processes. Many antibiotics block or disrupt one or more stages in protein synthesis. Some of these are mentioned here. Tetracyclines are a family of chemically related compounds used to treat several types of bacterial infections. Tetracyclines interfere with the initiation of translation. The tetracycline molecule attaches to the small ribosomal subunit and prevents binding of the tRNA anticodon during initiation. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes are sensitive to the action of tetracycline, but this antibiotic cannot pass through the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Because tetracycline can enter bacterial cells to inhibit protein synthesis, it will stop bacterial growth, helping the immune system fight the infection. Streptomycin is used in hospitals to treat serious bacterial infections. It binds to the small ribosomal subunit but does not prevent initiation or elongation; however, it does affect the efficiency of protein synthesis. Binding of streptomycin changes the way mRNA codons interact with the tRNA. As a result, incorrect amino acids are incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain, producing nonfunctional proteins. In addition, streptomycin causes the ribosome to randomly fall off the mRNA, preventing the synthesis of complete proteins. Puromycin is not used clinically but has played an important role in studying the mechanism of protein synthesis in the research laboratory. The puromycin molecule is the same size and shape as a tRNA/amino acid complex. When puromycin enters the ribosome, it can be incorporated into a growing polypeptide chain, stopping further synthesis because no peptide bond can be formed between puromycin and an amino acid, causing the shortened polypeptide to fall off the ribosome. Chloramphenicol was one of the first broadspectrum antibiotics introduced. Eukaryotic cells are resistant to its actions, and it was widely used to treat bacterial infections. However, its use is limited to external applications and serious infections. Chloramphenicol destroys cells in the bone marrow, the source of all blood cells. In bacteria, this antibiotic binds to the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits the formation of peptide bonds. Another antibiotic, erythromycin, also binds to the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits the movement of ribosomes along the mRNA. Almost every step of protein synthesis can be inhibited by one antibiotic or another. Work on designing new synthetic antibiotics to fight infections is based on our knowledge of how the nucleotide sequence of mRNA is converted into the amino acid sequence of a protein. Questions Why is targeting protein synthesis an effective strategy for preventing infection?arrow_forwardA prokaryote converts food energy into the chemical energy of ATP on/in its: chromosome. flagella. ribosomes. cell wall. plasma membrane.arrow_forward
- Ribosome is where the Process of translation takes place Process of moving DNA to the cytoplasm takes place Process of transcription takes place Process of copying DNA takes placearrow_forwardThe process of introducing foreign DNA into a eukaryotic cell by way of microprojectiles is called Group of answer choices electrophoresis. liposome mediated. electroporation. biolistic.arrow_forwardWhat is not part of a Bacterial cell base on the picture?arrow_forward
- Please write a haiku poem about a prokaryotic cell with lactose and glucose. Refer to the image for further instructions. This is an AP Biology projectarrow_forwardViruses can carry out which of the processes described below? They can use the host cell to copy themselves and make viral proteins. They can use the host cell to copy themselves and then synthesize their own proteins inside the viral capsid. They can manufacture their own ATP, proteins, and nucleic acids. They can metabolize food and produce their own ATP.arrow_forwardIn this diagram, what is represented by the red dots in the drawings of cells at different time points? Rough ER Golgi apparatus Secretory vesicles t = 0 t = 37 t =117 all of the proteins present in the cells all of the proteins that are secreted by the cells all of the unlabeled proteins that are secreted by the cells all of the labeled proteins present in the cellsarrow_forward
- When we have a bacterial infection, we often take antibiotics. Why do antibiotics only kill bacterial cells and not our own human cells? They do kill human cells but there are far more human cells than bacterial cells and they will quickly repopulate after the infection. Antibiotics are proteins that can only bind to bacterial cell wall receptors. Antibiotics target structures of bacterial cells that human don't have, such as a nucleus. Antibiotics target structures of bacterial cells that human don't have, such as peptidoglycan. 0000arrow_forwardA viral mutation that causes changes in the glycoprotein spikes would affect which aspect of the virus? The virus would become lysogenic and incorporate its genome into the host cell genome. The virus would enter the host by a combination of endocytosis and fusion. The virus would lose its viral envelope and become a naked virus. The virus would adsorb to different host cells and its host range would be altered. The viral genome would not require uncoating once inside the host cell.arrow_forwardAll of the following are correctly matched and can be found in bacteria EXCEPT: O Cell wall - contains peptidoglycan Ribosomes - site of protein synthesis Nucleus - membrane-bound organelle containing multiple chromosomes Cell (plasma) membrane - encloses cytoplasm; phospholipid bilayer with proteins O None of the other four answers (all are correctly matched and can be found in bacteria)arrow_forward
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