Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 24, Problem 21RQ
The advantage of yeast cells over bacterial cells to express human proteins is that:
- yeast cells grow faster
- yeast cells are easier to manipulate genetically
- yeast cells are eukaryotic and modify proteins similarly to human cells
- yeast cells are easily lysed to purify the proteins
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The most selectively toxic antibacterial agents are those that interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis. This is because ________.
Group of answer choices
bacterial cell wall synthesis is easily inhibited whereas eukaryotic cell wall synthesis is more resistant to the actions of the drugs
bacterial cell walls have a unique structure not found in eukaryotic host cells
eukaryotic cells do not take up the drugs
eukaryotic cells inactivate the drugs before they can do any damage
A researcher is comparing the sequences of genes encoding cell wall proteins in archaeons with those coding cell wall proteins
in bacteria. These sequences will be
since bacteria cell walls are primarily
whereas
archaeon cell walls are not.
peptidoglycan-based
chitin-based
Answer Bank
cellulose-based
similar
dissimilar
Chapter 24 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 24 - Figure 24.14 Which of the following statements is...Ch. 24 - Figure 24.17 Which of the following statements is...Ch. 24 - Figure 24.21 If symbiotic fungi are absent from...Ch. 24 - Which polysaccharide is usually found in the cell...Ch. 24 - Which of these organelles is not found in a fungal...Ch. 24 - The wall dividing individual cells in a fungal...Ch. 24 - During sexual reproduction, a homothallic mycelium...Ch. 24 - The life cycles of perfect fungi are most similar...Ch. 24 - The most primitive phylum of fungi is the...Ch. 24 - Members of which phylum produce a club shaped...
Ch. 24 - Members of which phylum establish a successful...Ch. 24 - The fungi that do not reproduce sexually used to...Ch. 24 - A scientist discovers a new species of fungus that...Ch. 24 - What term describes the close association of a...Ch. 24 - Why are fungi important decomposers? They produce...Ch. 24 - Consider an ecosystem where all the fungi not...Ch. 24 - A fungus that climbs up a tree reaching higher...Ch. 24 - A fungal infection that affects nails and skin is...Ch. 24 - The targets for anti-fungal drugs are much more...Ch. 24 - Yeast is a facultative anaerobe. This means that...Ch. 24 - The advantage of yeast cells over bacterial cells...Ch. 24 - Why are fungal insecticides an attractive...Ch. 24 - What are the evolutionary advantages for an...Ch. 24 - Compare plants, animals, and fungi, considering...Ch. 24 - Why is the large surface area of the mycelium...Ch. 24 - What is the advantage for a basidiomycete to...Ch. 24 - For each of the four groups of perfect fungi...Ch. 24 - Why does protection from light actually benefit...Ch. 24 - Ambrosia bark beetles carry Amb/os/e//a fungal...Ch. 24 - Ecologists often attempt to introduce new plants...Ch. 24 - Why can superficial mycoses in humans lead to...Ch. 24 - Explain how the Red Queen Hypothesis describes the...Ch. 24 - Historically, artisanal breads were produced by...Ch. 24 - How would treating an area of a forest with a...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A typical prokaryotic cell ________ compared to a eukaryotic cell. a. is smaller in size by a factor of 100 b. is similar in size c. is smaller in size by a factor of one million d. is larger in size by a factor of 10arrow_forwardAntibiotics and Protein Synthesis Antibiotics are molecules produced by microorganisms as defense mechanisms. The most effective antibiotics work by interfering with essential biochemical or reproductive processes. Many antibiotics block or disrupt one or more stages in protein synthesis. Some of these are mentioned here. Tetracyclines are a family of chemically related compounds used to treat several types of bacterial infections. Tetracyclines interfere with the initiation of translation. The tetracycline molecule attaches to the small ribosomal subunit and prevents binding of the tRNA anticodon during initiation. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes are sensitive to the action of tetracycline, but this antibiotic cannot pass through the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Because tetracycline can enter bacterial cells to inhibit protein synthesis, it will stop bacterial growth, helping the immune system fight the infection. Streptomycin is used in hospitals to treat serious bacterial infections. It binds to the small ribosomal subunit but does not prevent initiation or elongation; however, it does affect the efficiency of protein synthesis. Binding of streptomycin changes the way mRNA codons interact with the tRNA. As a result, incorrect amino acids are incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain, producing nonfunctional proteins. In addition, streptomycin causes the ribosome to randomly fall off the mRNA, preventing the synthesis of complete proteins. Puromycin is not used clinically but has played an important role in studying the mechanism of protein synthesis in the research laboratory. The puromycin molecule is the same size and shape as a tRNA/amino acid complex. When puromycin enters the ribosome, it can be incorporated into a growing polypeptide chain, stopping further synthesis because no peptide bond can be formed between puromycin and an amino acid, causing the shortened polypeptide to fall off the ribosome. Chloramphenicol was one of the first broadspectrum antibiotics introduced. Eukaryotic cells are resistant to its actions, and it was widely used to treat bacterial infections. However, its use is limited to external applications and serious infections. Chloramphenicol destroys cells in the bone marrow, the source of all blood cells. In bacteria, this antibiotic binds to the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits the formation of peptide bonds. Another antibiotic, erythromycin, also binds to the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits the movement of ribosomes along the mRNA. Almost every step of protein synthesis can be inhibited by one antibiotic or another. Work on designing new synthetic antibiotics to fight infections is based on our knowledge of how the nucleotide sequence of mRNA is converted into the amino acid sequence of a protein. Questions Why is targeting protein synthesis an effective strategy for preventing infection?arrow_forwardA prokaryote converts food energy into the chemical energy of ATP on/in its: chromosome. flagella. ribosomes. cell wall. plasma membrane.arrow_forward
- Please write a haiku poem about a prokaryotic cell with lactose and glucose. Refer to the image for further instructions. This is an AP Biology projectarrow_forwardThis is from micro biology. Which box goes under which categoryarrow_forwardDraw a prokaryotic cell and show the different target parts of the cell where antibiotics can attack. Give an example of the antibiotic that attack these parts. schematic drawing will do, I can just draw it on my ownarrow_forward
- In monolayer cell culture conditions contact inhibition occurs when the following conditions are meet suspension cells form masses confluent monolayers of cells are present and cell division continues confluent monolayers of are present and cell division stops Nuclear overlap of cell monolayers occursarrow_forward1. Which of the following are examples of eukaryotic organisms? (Select all that apply) Flowers Bacteria Humans Archaea Mushrooms 2. Clathrin is used by cells to a) Help form endocytic vesicles b)Bind a vesicle to the cell’s plasma membrane c)Increase the elasticity of lipid membranes d)Bind to substrates for endocytosis e)Decrease osmotic pressure from solutes 3. A phagosome is a)A membrane compartment used to store water and ions b)An organelle used to degrade molecules c)An endocytic vesicle formed by phagocytosis d)A membrane pit located on the surface of the cell e)An organelle used for the detoxification of organic molecules 4. The process of bringing dissolved substances into the cell is a)Transcytosis b)Receptor-mediated endocytosis c)Exocytosis e)Pinocytosis f)Phagocytosisarrow_forwardAcyclovir, Streptomycin, polymyxin, sulfonamide, or penicillin (choose one to fill in the blank Blank is an example of an antibiotic that will destroy the cell wall and Acyclovir, Streptomycin, polymyxin, sulfonamide, or penicillin (choose one to fill in the blank) Blank antibiotic will then have an easier time getting into the pathogen to block protein synthesis, this being an example of how synergistic drugs act.arrow_forward
- Why is fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) a useful tool for identifying micrboes? DNA is run over a chip, allowing many different gene to be tested Different probes can show spatial relationships in the cell with other bound probes None of the other choices Probes run across a membrane is a natural follow-up to gel electrophoresis Provides very detailed information about the genetic sequence of the organismarrow_forwardMatch the bacterial adaptation to its function. Fimbrae Flagella/Archaellum Capsule Pili Endospore Additional layer of protection Allows bacterial cultures to redevelop when less harsh conditions are found DNA Transfer Swimming and movement Many functions, allows bacteria to stick to surfaces & eachotherarrow_forwardMisfolded prions are infectious because they: cause other proteins to denature cause other genes to misfold cause other prion proteins to misfold cause many other proteins to misfold cause ribosomes to fall off of transcripts cause other proteins to dissolvearrow_forward
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