What is Life? A Guide to Biology
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781464135958
Author: Jay Phelan
Publisher: W.H. Freeman & Co
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Chapter 24, Problem 1SA
Summary Introduction
To review:
The effects of the hormone oxytocin.
Introduction:
Oxytocin is a hormone and a neurotransmitter released by the brain.
Expert Solution & Answer
Explanation of Solution
The name Oxytocin for the hormone comes from a Greek word meaning "quick birth", due to its role in child birth.
Oxytocin is produced in the brain, and has been found to have a number of effects on the body.
It is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth, and stimulating milk production in women nursing their babies. It also induces a tendency to trust and bond with other individuals.
Conclusion
Oxytocin is a hormone produced in the brain, and its major effects are – inducing the tendency to trust other individuals and increase social bonding, stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth, and making milk available for nursing babies.
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Question #3:
In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would
transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming
there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are
inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if:
a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non-
apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic
and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female
first (left side) in the parental cross.
b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non-
apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic
and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female
first (left side) in the…
Question #5:
Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The
genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative
apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C.
At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype.
A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually
reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic
ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following
temperatures*:
a) 15°C?
b) 25°C?
*for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the
female first (left side) in the cross.
Type your answer here:
Chapter 24 Solutions
What is Life? A Guide to Biology
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