Essentials of Biology (5th International Edition)
Essentials of Biology (5th International Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259660269
Author: Sylvia S. Mader, Dr., Michael Windelspecht
Publisher: Mcgraw-Hill
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Chapter 24, Problem 1BYB
Summary Introduction

To write:

The effect of narrowing and swelling of airways on the respiratory volumes.

Introduction:

During the process of respiration, some amount of air is inhaled by the body, certain amount of air is exhaled, and some amount of air is stored in the lungs at a given time. These volumes are known as respiratory volumes.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Explanation of Solution

During the process of respiration, there is an exchange of gases. The mainly involved structures of respiratory system in the conduction of the air to the lungs are nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. These structures construct the airways. Due to some reasons, if there is an obstruction in the exchange of gases, it causes the narrowing and swelling of these airways. This in turn can result in serious respiratory disease.

The narrowing and swelling of the airways affect the amount of air coming in the lungs, hence, causing an alteration in the respiratory volumes such as tidal volume and reserve volumes. Inflammation and infection of bronchioles can give rise to bronchiectasis and other respiratory diseases such as bronchoconstriction. Narrowing and tightening of the bronchi and bronchioles can cause bronchoconstriction. It can occur due to the allergy to dust and emphysema. Symptoms of a cough, dyspnea, and shortness of breath are generally seen due to swelling and narrowing of airways.

Conclusion

Hence, the narrowing or swelling of the airways can cause changes in the tidal volume and reserve volumes.

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