Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781133104261
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 24, Problem 15P
Review. A microwave oven is powered by a magnetron, an electronic device that generates
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Question B3
Consider the following FLRW spacetime:
t2
ds² = -dt² +
(dx²
+ dy²+ dz²),
t2
where t is a constant.
a)
State whether this universe is spatially open, closed or flat.
[2 marks]
b) Determine the Hubble factor H(t), and represent it in a (roughly drawn) plot as a function
of time t, starting at t = 0.
[3 marks]
c) Taking galaxy A to be located at (x, y, z) = (0,0,0), determine the proper distance to galaxy
B located at (x, y, z) = (L, 0, 0). Determine the recessional velocity of galaxy B with respect
to galaxy A.
d) The Friedmann equations are
2
k
8πG
а
4πG
+
a²
(p+3p).
3
a
3
[5 marks]
Use these equations to determine the energy density p(t) and the pressure p(t) for the
FLRW spacetime specified at the top of the page.
[5 marks]
e) Given the result of question B3.d, state whether the FLRW universe in question is (i)
radiation-dominated, (ii) matter-dominated, (iii) cosmological-constant-dominated, or (iv)
none of the previous. Justify your answer.
f)
[5 marks]
A conformally…
SECTION B
Answer ONLY TWO questions in Section B
[Expect to use one single-sided A4 page for each Section-B sub question.]
Question B1
Consider the line element
where w is a constant.
ds²=-dt²+e2wt dx²,
a) Determine the components of the metric and of the inverse metric.
[2 marks]
b) Determine the Christoffel symbols. [See the Appendix of this document.]
[10 marks]
c)
Write down the geodesic equations.
[5 marks]
d) Show that e2wt it is a constant of geodesic motion.
[4 marks]
e)
Solve the geodesic equations for null geodesics.
[4 marks]
Page 2
SECTION A
Answer ALL questions in Section A
[Expect to use one single-sided A4 page for each Section-A sub question.]
Question A1
SPA6308 (2024)
Consider Minkowski spacetime in Cartesian coordinates th
=
(t, x, y, z), such that
ds² = dt² + dx² + dy² + dz².
(a) Consider the vector with components V" = (1,-1,0,0). Determine V and V. V.
(b) Consider now the coordinate system x' (u, v, y, z) such that
u =t-x,
v=t+x.
[2 marks]
Write down the line element, the metric, the Christoffel symbols and the Riemann curvature
tensor in the new coordinates. [See the Appendix of this document.]
[5 marks]
(c) Determine V", that is, write the object in question A1.a in the coordinate system x'. Verify
explicitly that V. V is invariant under the coordinate transformation.
Question A2
[5 marks]
Suppose that A, is a covector field, and consider the object
Fv=AAμ.
(a) Show explicitly that F is a tensor, that is, show that it transforms appropriately under a
coordinate transformation.
[5 marks]
(b)…
Chapter 24 Solutions
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 24.1QQCh. 24.4 - Prob. 24.2QQCh. 24.4 - Prob. 24.3QQCh. 24.4 - Prob. 24.4QQCh. 24.6 - Prob. 24.5QQCh. 24.6 - Prob. 24.6QQCh. 24.7 - Prob. 24.7QQCh. 24 - Prob. 1OQCh. 24 - Prob. 2OQCh. 24 - Prob. 3OQ
Ch. 24 - If plane polarized light is sent through two...Ch. 24 - Prob. 5OQCh. 24 - Prob. 6OQCh. 24 - Prob. 7OQCh. 24 - Prob. 9OQCh. 24 - Prob. 10OQCh. 24 - Prob. 11OQCh. 24 - Consider an electromagnetic wave traveling in the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 1CQCh. 24 - Prob. 2CQCh. 24 - Prob. 3CQCh. 24 - Prob. 4CQCh. 24 - Prob. 5CQCh. 24 - Prob. 6CQCh. 24 - Prob. 7CQCh. 24 - Prob. 8CQCh. 24 - Prob. 9CQCh. 24 - Prob. 10CQCh. 24 - Prob. 11CQCh. 24 - Prob. 12CQCh. 24 - Prob. 1PCh. 24 - Prob. 2PCh. 24 - Prob. 3PCh. 24 - A 1.05-H inductor is connected in series with a...Ch. 24 - Prob. 5PCh. 24 - Prob. 6PCh. 24 - Prob. 7PCh. 24 - An electron moves through a uniform electric field...Ch. 24 - Prob. 9PCh. 24 - Prob. 10PCh. 24 - Prob. 11PCh. 24 - Prob. 12PCh. 24 - Figure P24.13 shows a plane electromagnetic...Ch. 24 - Prob. 14PCh. 24 - Review. A microwave oven is powered by a...Ch. 24 - Prob. 16PCh. 24 - A physicist drives through a stop light. When he...Ch. 24 - Prob. 18PCh. 24 - Prob. 19PCh. 24 - A light source recedes from an observer with a...Ch. 24 - Prob. 21PCh. 24 - Prob. 22PCh. 24 - Prob. 23PCh. 24 - Prob. 24PCh. 24 - Prob. 25PCh. 24 - Prob. 26PCh. 24 - Prob. 27PCh. 24 - Prob. 28PCh. 24 - Prob. 29PCh. 24 - Prob. 30PCh. 24 - Prob. 31PCh. 24 - Prob. 32PCh. 24 - Prob. 33PCh. 24 - Prob. 34PCh. 24 - Prob. 35PCh. 24 - Prob. 36PCh. 24 - Prob. 37PCh. 24 - Prob. 38PCh. 24 - Prob. 39PCh. 24 - Prob. 40PCh. 24 - Prob. 41PCh. 24 - Prob. 42PCh. 24 - Prob. 43PCh. 24 - Prob. 44PCh. 24 - Prob. 45PCh. 24 - Prob. 46PCh. 24 - Prob. 47PCh. 24 - Prob. 48PCh. 24 - You use a sequence of ideal polarizing filters,...Ch. 24 - Prob. 50PCh. 24 - Prob. 51PCh. 24 - Figure P24.52 shows portions of the energy-level...Ch. 24 - Prob. 53PCh. 24 - Prob. 54PCh. 24 - Prob. 55PCh. 24 - Prob. 56PCh. 24 - Prob. 57PCh. 24 - Prob. 58PCh. 24 - Prob. 59PCh. 24 - Prob. 60PCh. 24 - Prob. 61PCh. 24 - Prob. 62PCh. 24 - A dish antenna having a diameter of 20.0 m...Ch. 24 - Prob. 65PCh. 24 - Prob. 66PCh. 24 - Prob. 67PCh. 24 - Prob. 68PCh. 24 - Prob. 69PCh. 24 - Prob. 70PCh. 24 - Prob. 71PCh. 24 - A microwave source produces pulses of 20.0-GHz...Ch. 24 - A linearly polarized microwave of wavelength 1.50...Ch. 24 - Prob. 74PCh. 24 - Prob. 75P
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