a) Interpretation: The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown. Concept introduction: Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon within the same molecule or of the second molecule to give an aldol. The aldol dehydrates on heating to yield α, β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone. To show: The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Question

81. a. Propose a mechanism for the following reaction: OH CH2=CHCHC=N b. What is the product of the following reaction? HO H₂O N=CCH2CH2CH OH HO CH3CCH=CH2 H₂O C=N 82. Unlike a phosphonium ylide that reacts with an aldehyde or a ketone to form an alkene a sulfonium ulia

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 23.SE, Problem 49AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon within the same molecule or of the second molecule to give an aldol. The aldol dehydrates on heating to yield α, β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone.

To show:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon within the same molecule or of the second molecule to give an aldol. The aldol dehydrates on heating to yield α, β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone.

To show:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon within the same molecule or of the second molecule to give an aldol. The aldol dehydrates on heating to yield α, β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone.

To show:

The structure of the aldehyde that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Mixed aldol condensation leads to a single product if i)one of the carbonyl partners contains no α hydrogen atoms but contains an unhindered carbonyl group and ii) if one of the carbonyl partners are much more acidic than the other and thus forms an enolate anion in preference to other.

To show:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

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81. a. Propose a mechanism for the following reaction: OH CH2=CHCHC=N b. What is the product of the following reaction? HO H₂O N=CCH2CH2CH OH HO CH3CCH=CH2 H₂O C=N 82. Unlike a phosphonium ylide that reacts with an aldehyde or a ketone to form an alkene a sulfonium ulia

For each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new CC bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. ? NH2 MgBr Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? ○ Yes ○ No MgBr ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? O Yes O No Click and drag to start drawing a structure. :☐ G x c olo Ar HE

Predicting As the lead product manager at OrganometALEKS Industries, you are trying to decide if the following reaction will make a molecule with a new C - C bond as its major product: H₂N O H 1. ? 2. H3O+ If this reaction will work, draw the major organic product or products you would expect in the drawing area below. If there's more than one major product, you can draw them in any arrangement you like. Be sure you use wedge and dash bonds if necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. 0 If the major products of this reaction won't have a new CC bond, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. فا Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure.

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 23.SE, Problem 49AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon within the same molecule or of the second molecule to give an aldol. The aldol dehydrates on heating to yield α, β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone.

To show:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon within the same molecule or of the second molecule to give an aldol. The aldol dehydrates on heating to yield α, β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone.

To show:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon within the same molecule or of the second molecule to give an aldol. The aldol dehydrates on heating to yield α, β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone.

To show:

The structure of the aldehyde that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Mixed aldol condensation leads to a single product if i)one of the carbonyl partners contains no α hydrogen atoms but contains an unhindered carbonyl group and ii) if one of the carbonyl partners are much more acidic than the other and thus forms an enolate anion in preference to other.

To show:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 23.SE, Problem 49AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon within the same molecule or of the second molecule to give an aldol. The aldol dehydrates on heating to yield α, β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone.

To show:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon within the same molecule or of the second molecule to give an aldol. The aldol dehydrates on heating to yield α, β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone.

To show:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon within the same molecule or of the second molecule to give an aldol. The aldol dehydrates on heating to yield α, β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone.

To show:

The structure of the aldehyde that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Mixed aldol condensation leads to a single product if i)one of the carbonyl partners contains no α hydrogen atoms but contains an unhindered carbonyl group and ii) if one of the carbonyl partners are much more acidic than the other and thus forms an enolate anion in preference to other.

To show:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 23.SE, Problem 49AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon within the same molecule or of the second molecule to give an aldol. The aldol dehydrates on heating to yield α, β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone.

To show:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon within the same molecule or of the second molecule to give an aldol. The aldol dehydrates on heating to yield α, β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone.

To show:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon within the same molecule or of the second molecule to give an aldol. The aldol dehydrates on heating to yield α, β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone.

To show:

The structure of the aldehyde that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Mixed aldol condensation leads to a single product if i)one of the carbonyl partners contains no α hydrogen atoms but contains an unhindered carbonyl group and ii) if one of the carbonyl partners are much more acidic than the other and thus forms an enolate anion in preference to other.

To show:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 23.SE, Problem 49AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon within the same molecule or of the second molecule to give an aldol. The aldol dehydrates on heating to yield α, β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone.

To show:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon within the same molecule or of the second molecule to give an aldol. The aldol dehydrates on heating to yield α, β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone.

To show:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon within the same molecule or of the second molecule to give an aldol. The aldol dehydrates on heating to yield α, β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone.

To show:

The structure of the aldehyde that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Mixed aldol condensation leads to a single product if i)one of the carbonyl partners contains no α hydrogen atoms but contains an unhindered carbonyl group and ii) if one of the carbonyl partners are much more acidic than the other and thus forms an enolate anion in preference to other.

To show:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Answer 6

Chapter 23.SE, Problem 49AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon within the same molecule or of the second molecule to give an aldol. The aldol dehydrates on heating to yield α, β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone.

To show:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Answer 7

Chapter 23.SE, Problem 49AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon within the same molecule or of the second molecule to give an aldol. The aldol dehydrates on heating to yield α, β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone.

To show:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon within the same molecule or of the second molecule to give an aldol. The aldol dehydrates on heating to yield α, β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone.

To show:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon within the same molecule or of the second molecule to give an aldol. The aldol dehydrates on heating to yield α, β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone.

To show:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon within the same molecule or of the second molecule to give an aldol. The aldol dehydrates on heating to yield α, β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone.

To show:

The structure of the aldehyde that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon within the same molecule or of the second molecule to give an aldol. The aldol dehydrates on heating to yield α, β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone.

To show:

The structure of the aldehyde that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Mixed aldol condensation leads to a single product if i)one of the carbonyl partners contains no α hydrogen atoms but contains an unhindered carbonyl group and ii) if one of the carbonyl partners are much more acidic than the other and thus forms an enolate anion in preference to other.

To show:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Mixed aldol condensation leads to a single product if i)one of the carbonyl partners contains no α hydrogen atoms but contains an unhindered carbonyl group and ii) if one of the carbonyl partners are much more acidic than the other and thus forms an enolate anion in preference to other.

To show:

The structure of the aldehydes or ketones that should be used as a starting material to synthesize the compound given in an aldol reaction.

Answer 14

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Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 3P Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 4P Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 5P Ch. 23.4 - 1-Butanol is prepared commercially by a route that...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 7P Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 8P Ch. 23.6 - Prob. 9P Ch. 23.6 - What product would you Expect to obtain from base...

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