BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781264839698
Author: Raven
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 23.4, Problem 2LO
Summary Introduction
To describe: The phylogenetic trees help in revealing the existence of homoplasy.
Introduction: A phylogenetic tree is also called the evolutionary tree is a diagram of a branch or "tree," explaining the evolutionary connections between several biological species or other entities. The phylogeny is based on comparisons in their physical or genetic features. Each life on the Earth is a portion of a single phylogenetic tree that indicates common ancestors.
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Chapter 23 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Demonstrate how a cladogram is constructed.Ch. 23.3 - Explain the taxonomic classification system.Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23 - Construct a data matrix like the one in figure...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1IQCh. 23 - Prob. 2IQCh. 23 - Prob. 3IQCh. 23 - Prob. 4IQCh. 23 - Overall similarity of phenotypes may not always...Ch. 23 - a. is based on overall similarity of phenotypes....Ch. 23 - The principle of parsimony a. helps evolutionary...Ch. 23 - Parsimony suggests that parental care in birds,...Ch. 23 - The forelimb of a bird and the forelimb of a...Ch. 23 - In order to determine polarity for different...Ch. 23 - In a paraphyletic group a. all species are more...Ch. 23 - A paraphyletic group includes a. an ancestor and...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9UCh. 23 - A taxonomic group that contains species that have...Ch. 23 - Rapid rates of character change relative to the...Ch. 23 - Species recognized by the phylogenetic species...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1SCh. 23 - Identifying outgroups is a central component of...Ch. 23 - As noted in your reading, cladistics is a widely...Ch. 23 - Across many species of limpets, loss of larval...Ch. 23 - Birds, pterosaurs (a type of flying reptile that...Ch. 23 - AID:1825 | 10/04/2018 6. In what sense does the...
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- . In a phylogenetic or evolutionary tree, how is relatedness defined, i.e., what is used to determine relatedness?arrow_forwardDefine horizontal gene transfer, and explain how it affects the relationships in phylogenetic trees.arrow_forwardDefine homology and homoplasy and explain their connection to the concept of parsimony in phylogenetic analysis. Provide an example of each and discuss the challenges they may present when inferring evolutionary relationships.arrow_forward
- How can we use morphological traits to determine branching patterns on phylogenetic trees?arrow_forwardDescribe and illustrate the parts of a phylogenetic tree.arrow_forwardPhylogenetic trees are used to show the evolutionary relationships among various biological species and are usually based upon shared derived characters. In constructing phylogenetic trees, it is useful to first draw up a character table to show the presence or absence of characters among the various groups of organisms being studied. a. Draw up a character table based upon the following shared derived characters of land plants: flowers, seeds, vascular tissues, and dependent embryos. Your character table must include the names/descriptions of the plant groups that are being characterized. b. Construct a phylogenetic tree based on this data.arrow_forward
- Which of the following best explains why coalescent-based phylogenetic inference is important in the age of phylogenomics? A) Coalescent-based methods directly model gene tree histories independently to infer the species tree in a summary-based manner, which is important for phylogenomic analysis were hundreds to thousands of gene histories are analyzed. B) Coalescent-based methods have the most advanced evolutionary models of molecular evolution, which is important for phylogenomic analysis were hundreds to thousands of gene histories are analyzed. C) Coalescent-based methods are no more important than other types of phylogenetic inference, even for phylogenomic analyses. D) None of the above.arrow_forwardwhat is a major problem with morphologically based analysis of wale placement in a phylogenetic tree ?arrow_forwardDefine parsimony. How is it used to build phylogenetic trees?arrow_forward
- Discuss how the principle of parsimony can be used in a cladistics approach to constructing a phylogenetic tree.arrow_forwardWith two specific examples, explain why phylogenetics is a useful scientific tool for studying Organismal biology?arrow_forwardWhy are the phylogenetic trees generated using MEGA and PhyML different?arrow_forward
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