Chapter 23.3, Problem 3AYLO

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

Definitions of proteinuria and hematuria and their causes.

Introduction:

Metabolism of human body inevitably produces a variety of unwanted or waste products. This waste product is not simply needed by the body. If it is allowed to accumulate in the body, it may produce harmful effects. These wastes are completely excreted from our body through digestive tracts, respiratory tracts, and by the sweat glands. The principal system that is involved in the excretion of waste is the urinary system. From the blood, the metabolic waste is removed by the kidney. The rest of the urinary system is involved in the elimination of urine, storage, and for transport. The kidney plays an important role in controlling the blood pressure and blood volume.  Kidney physiology is administrated by certain principles. This includes osmotic pressure, down pressure, and electrochemical gradients. The stages of urine production and the role of the kidney (regulating urine concentration and fluid balance) mainly depend on concepts like osmolarity, tonicity, and osmosis.