a) Interpretation: The product obtained in the aldol reaction of butanal is to be given. Concept introduction: Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon of the second molecule. The product is a β-hydroxyaldehyde or ketone. To give: The product obtained in the aldol reaction of butanal.

Question

Predict the temperature change produced by burning 3.55 g benzoic acid in a bomb calorimeter that has a heat capacity of 20.12 kJ/°C. The enthalpy of combustion of benzoic acid is −26.43 kJ/g.

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 23.1, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of butanal is to be given.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon of the second molecule. The product is a β-hydroxyaldehyde or ketone.

To give:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of butanal.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of acetophenone is to be given.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon of the second molecule. The product is a β-hydroxyaldehyde or ketone.

To give:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of acetophenone.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of cyclopentanone is to be given.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon of the second molecule. The product is a β-hydroxyaldehyde or ketone.

To give:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of cyclopentanone.

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Predict the temperature change produced by burning 3.55 g benzoic acid in a bomb calorimeter that has a heat capacity of 20.12 kJ/°C. The enthalpy of combustion of benzoic acid is −26.43 kJ/g.

Determine the entropy change for the reaction SO 2 (g) + O2(g) → SO3(g) given the following information: Substance S° (J/mol K) . SO2(g) 248.2 O2(g) 205.0 SO3(g) 256.8

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form sodium chloride (NaCl) and water. If ΔH ° = −56.13 kJ/mol and ΔS ° = 79.11 J/mol ⋅ K, what is the temperature of the reaction if ΔG ° = −80.89 kJ/mol?

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 23.1, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of butanal is to be given.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon of the second molecule. The product is a β-hydroxyaldehyde or ketone.

To give:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of butanal.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of acetophenone is to be given.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon of the second molecule. The product is a β-hydroxyaldehyde or ketone.

To give:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of acetophenone.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of cyclopentanone is to be given.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon of the second molecule. The product is a β-hydroxyaldehyde or ketone.

To give:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of cyclopentanone.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 23.1, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of butanal is to be given.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon of the second molecule. The product is a β-hydroxyaldehyde or ketone.

To give:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of butanal.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of acetophenone is to be given.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon of the second molecule. The product is a β-hydroxyaldehyde or ketone.

To give:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of acetophenone.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of cyclopentanone is to be given.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon of the second molecule. The product is a β-hydroxyaldehyde or ketone.

To give:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of cyclopentanone.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 23.1, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of butanal is to be given.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon of the second molecule. The product is a β-hydroxyaldehyde or ketone.

To give:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of butanal.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of acetophenone is to be given.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon of the second molecule. The product is a β-hydroxyaldehyde or ketone.

To give:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of acetophenone.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of cyclopentanone is to be given.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon of the second molecule. The product is a β-hydroxyaldehyde or ketone.

To give:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of cyclopentanone.

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Answer 5

Chapter 23.1, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of butanal is to be given.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon of the second molecule. The product is a β-hydroxyaldehyde or ketone.

To give:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of butanal.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of acetophenone is to be given.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon of the second molecule. The product is a β-hydroxyaldehyde or ketone.

To give:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of acetophenone.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of cyclopentanone is to be given.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon of the second molecule. The product is a β-hydroxyaldehyde or ketone.

To give:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of cyclopentanone.

Answer 6

Chapter 23.1, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of butanal is to be given.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon of the second molecule. The product is a β-hydroxyaldehyde or ketone.

To give:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of butanal.

Answer 7

Chapter 23.1, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of butanal is to be given.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon of the second molecule. The product is a β-hydroxyaldehyde or ketone.

To give:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of butanal.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of acetophenone is to be given.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon of the second molecule. The product is a β-hydroxyaldehyde or ketone.

To give:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of acetophenone.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of acetophenone is to be given.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon of the second molecule. The product is a β-hydroxyaldehyde or ketone.

To give:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of acetophenone.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of cyclopentanone is to be given.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon of the second molecule. The product is a β-hydroxyaldehyde or ketone.

To give:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of cyclopentanone.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of cyclopentanone is to be given.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones with α-hydrogen undergo a base catalyzed carbonyl condensation reaction in aldol condensation. In this reaction two molecules of the reactant combine by forming a bond between α-carbon of one molecule and the carbonyl carbon of the second molecule. The product is a β-hydroxyaldehyde or ketone.

To give:

The product obtained in the aldol reaction of cyclopentanone.

Answer 12

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Answer 23

Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 3P Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 4P Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 5P Ch. 23.4 - 1-Butanol is prepared commercially by a route that...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 7P Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 8P Ch. 23.6 - Prob. 9P Ch. 23.6 - What product would you Expect to obtain from base...

Solution Summary: The author explains the product obtained in the aldol reaction of butanal.

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Chapter 23 Solutions