What is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781464157745
Author: Jay Phelan
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 23, Problem 5MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Dendrites act as the signal receptors of the neurons.
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Which of the following is true about the conduction of action potentials?
a. Thicker axons are faster because there is more surface area on thicker axons.
b. Myelin speeds conduction because the glial cells add voltage gated Na+ channels to the neuron.
c. Diffusion of Na+ ions between the Nodes of Ranvier happens faster than the wave of opening and closing membrane proteins can travel.
d. Neurons that don’t have myelin sheaths undergo saltatory conduction
e. Action potentials move slowly.
Schwann cells are a type of glial cell found in the nervous system. In addition to the
conduction of nerve impulses, the outermost layer called neurilemma aids in nerve
development and regeneration.
After examining the image below, can you explain why brain cells have
a. Neurons in the central nervous system lack neurilemma of Schwann cells.
b. Neurons in the central nervous system are surrounded by white matter.
c. Axons of the peripheral nervous system lack neurilemma of Schwann cells.
d. Neurons in the peripheral nervous system are surrounded by grey matter.
Axons in the nerves.
a. increase the surface area of the cell
b. receive signals from neighboring cells
c. regulate the intake of nutrients from other cells
d. transmit messages to a neighboring cell
Chapter 23 Solutions
What is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
Ch. 23 - Prob. 1SACh. 23 - Prob. 2SACh. 23 - Prob. 3SACh. 23 - Prob. 4SACh. 23 - Prob. 5SACh. 23 - Prob. 6SACh. 23 - Prob. 7SACh. 23 - Prob. 8SACh. 23 - Prob. 9SACh. 23 - Prob. 10SA
Ch. 23 - Prob. 11SACh. 23 - Prob. 12SACh. 23 - Prob. 13SACh. 23 - Prob. 14SACh. 23 - Prob. 15SACh. 23 - Prob. 16SACh. 23 - Prob. 17SACh. 23 - Prob. 18SACh. 23 - Prob. 19SACh. 23 - Prob. 20SACh. 23 - Prob. 1MCCh. 23 - Prob. 2MCCh. 23 - Prob. 3MCCh. 23 - Prob. 4MCCh. 23 - Prob. 5MCCh. 23 - Prob. 6MCCh. 23 - Prob. 7MCCh. 23 - Prob. 8MCCh. 23 - Prob. 9MCCh. 23 - Prob. 10MCCh. 23 - Prob. 11MCCh. 23 - Prob. 12MCCh. 23 - Prob. 13MCCh. 23 - Prob. 14MCCh. 23 - Prob. 15MCCh. 23 - Prob. 16MC
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- Neurons contain ________, which can receive signals from other neurons. a. axons b. mitochondria c. dendrites d. Golgibodiesarrow_forwardWhich.of the following statements is WRONG? Select one: O a. Nerve cells have excitable membranes O b. Nerve cells typically have one axon and several dendrites O C. Nerve cells can contact skeletal muscle cells O d. Nerve cells can only be found, in humans (or mice), in the central nervous system O e. Nerve cell bodies in the central nervous system are found in the grey matter Which of the following statements is NOT true: Select one: O a. Nerve cells typically communicate with each other at synapses Ob. Synaptic communication between nerve cells involves a soluble, chemical signal OC. Synaptic communication between nerve cells is dependent upon regulated exocytosis. O d. Synaptic communication can also occur if calcium ions are removed from the extracellular fluid.arrow_forwardMatch the description with the statement that best describes the following regions synaptic knob axon hillock dendrites axon A. elongated projection that conducts electrical signals over long distances B. receives input from other neurons C. region of high denisty of voltage-gated channels, known as the trigger zone D. contains numerous vesicles containing neurotransmitterarrow_forward
- Which of the following is not correct about myelin sheaths? Select one: O A. They insulate parts of the neuron axon but not the cell body and dendrites. O B. They are fatty membranes. O C. They are formed by glial cells, namely oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. O D. They are responsible for saltatory conduction, the process in which the action potentials jump between nodes of Ranvier. O E. They increase the speed of action potential conduction along an axon by increasing the diamter of the axon.arrow_forwardA neuron must reach threshold to fire an action potential. In this context, threshold refers to which event? a. voltage at which damage occurs to the membrane because of the electrical charge b. the voltage at which potassium ions begin to flow in and out of the cell c. the voltage at which voltage-gated sodium channels open d. the voltage at which the neuron can no longer produce an action potential According to studies in developing rodents, testosterone treatment causes detectable changes in: a. the sex region Y gene b. the thalamus c. the hypothalamus d. alpha-fetoproteinarrow_forwardAction potentials are normally initiated at the axon hillock because a. there is a particularly high density of voltage-gated sodium channels there. b. threshold potential is lower there than at other sites along the plasma membrane. c. activation of sodium channels at the axon hillock results in a particularly strong inward current and consequent depolarization. d. all of these. e. none of these.arrow_forward
- Please note these are all one question group and should be answered as such! Which of the following statements accurately defines epineurium? A. Fluid-filled space at a synapse through which neurotransmitters diffuse B. A vesicle containing neurotransmitters in the axon terminal of a neuron C. The CT sheath that binds together the groups of fascicles, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels in a peripheral nerve D. The branch of the ANS that adapts the body for rest and digestion Which of the following statements accurately defines sacral plexus? A. The ventral rami of C1–C4 (and a small contribution from C5) that serve the head and neck B. The ventral rami of L1–L4 that serve the pelvis and lower limb C. The ventral rami of C5–T1 that serve the upper limb D. The ventral rami of L4–S4 that serve the pelvis and lower limbarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT an example of communication that happens from one neuron to another neuron? A. Endocrine signaling (ex. hormones secreted into the blood stream travel and bind to receptors on dstant cells). B. Retrograde neurotransmission (ex.the dendrite releases a neuroactive substance that binds to receptors on the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron). C. Electrical communication via propagation of action potential from one node of ranvier to the next node of ranvier. D. Volume transmission (ex. neuropeptides diffuse away from the synapse and bind to receptors on adjacent cells) E. Electrical communication through gap junctions.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a correct statement of the all-or-none principle? Select one: U a. A hyperpolarized membrane always results in the production of an action potential b. When a stimulus is applied, it triggers an action potential in the membrane O C. Action potentials occur in all neurons if a stimulus is applied that lowers the membrane potential d. A given stimulus either triggers a typical action potential or does not produce one at allarrow_forward
- Conduction velocity refers to the [a] at which an action potential travels along a neuron's axon. In invertebrates, conduction velocity can only be increased by [b]. However in vertebrates (exclusively), such as humans, conduction velocity can also be increased by [c]. This enables vertebrates to conserve [d] while still increasing conduction velocity. [a] [b] [c] [d] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ]arrow_forwardGlial cells far outnumber neurons and contribute roughly half the weight of the mammalian nervous system. What functions do glial cells perform in the peripheral nervous system and in the central ner-vous system?arrow_forwardSynaptic knobs :-a- synthesize different types of neurotransmittersb- release neurotransmitters by diffusion across their membranesc- have ligand-gated Ca ++d- are located at the terminal end of dendritesarrow_forward
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