What is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781464157745
Author: Jay Phelan
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 23, Problem 12MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Cones are photoreceptive cells that are less sensitive to light.
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Which of the following statements explains why vision is less sharp in dim light than in bright light?a. Cones are more responsive in dim light.b. There are more rods than cones in the eye.c. Many rods converge on a single ganglion.d. The dilated pupil lets in more light than the lens can focus.
Which statement regarding rods and cones is most accurate?
a.) Rods and cones carry signals to the brain so an image can be formed.
b.) Rods and cones refract light to focus it on the retina.
c.) Rods and cones are photoreceptors, which detect light.
d.) Rods and cones monitor the amount of light entering the eye and adjust the size of the pupil.
Which of the following descriptions of photoreceptors in the eye is NOT correct?
a. Cones are concentrated in the fovea of the retina and function to detect colours.
b. Rods are concentrated at the periphery and function well in dim light.
c. Rods are concentrated in the fovea of the retina and function well in dim light.
d. Rods are sensitive to light and register black and white. Cones detect colours.
Chapter 23 Solutions
What is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
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- Colour blindness can result from the loss of specific types of cones, or it can occur in individuals having fewer cones of a given type. An individual has 50% less than the normal number of green cone photoreceptors in his or her retina. How would this affect his or her vision? a. This person has night blindness. He or she should start to eat more carrots to replenish the stock of retinal molecules in the retina. b. This person will have difficulty adapting to varying light levels. His or her cone receptors take much longer to adapt in a brightly lit area. c. This person does not have a colour blindness because no green cone photoreceptors are in the retina; only red, yellow, and blue photoreceptors exist. d. This person has a mild green colour blindness. He or she cannot see green colours very clearly and has difficulty distinguishing colours involving green hues.arrow_forwardWhich one of the following statements about photoreception is true? a. Light detection is initiated by the absorbance of light (a photon) by a photopigment molecule. b. Light detection is synonomous with vision. c. Light detection is always initiated in a rod photoreceptor located in the retina. d. Only light in the visible range (between 400 and 700 nm wavelength) can be detected by animals. e. None of the above answer choices (neither A, nor B, nor C, nor D) is true.arrow_forwardChoose the structure that corresponds to each statement. a. bipolar cell layer e. macula lutea b. central fovea f. optic disc c. cones g. photoreceptor layer d. ganglion cell layer h. rods 1. has the highest density of cones in the retina 2. axons form optic nerve 3. does not contain photoreceptors; blind spot 4. photoreceptor that allows us to see color 5. contains rods and cones 6. the center of the neural portion of the retina 7. photoreceptor used in night vision 8. rods and cones synapse on these cellsarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements aboutphotopic vision is false?a. It is mediated by the cones.b. It has a low threshold.c. It produces fine resolution.d. It does not function in starlight.e. It does not employ rhodopsin.arrow_forwardWhen you exit a dark room into a brightly lit environment, within seconds, you to see a crisp view of your surroundings. However, when you enter a dark room from a brightly lit environment, your eyes might take more than 10 minutes to become used to the new surroundings. Your eyes are waiting for: a. the rods to begin to function b. the cones to begin to function c. the pupils to get smallerarrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes hearing receptor “hair cells”? a. They are neurons. b. They lack ion channels. c. They are epithelial, but function like neurons. d. They are built of the protein keratin.arrow_forward
- Rod and cone coupling is communication between rods and cones via A. Glutamate receptors B. Gap Junctions C. Horizontal Cells D. Two of the abovearrow_forwardVision is a complex process. The human eye has many structures that contribute to vision. Which of the following statements describing the structures involved in the process of vision is NOT correct? a. Ciliary muscles change the shape of the lens to focus both near and distant objects. b. The cornea and lens bend light to focus the image on the retina. c. The iris relaxes and contracts to protect the retina from excess light. d. Lenses move forward or backward to control the amount of light striking the retina.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is accurate about the maculae of the vestibular apparatus? a. They detect rotational movements of the head. b. They are located in the semicircular canal. c. Nerve signals are generated when the otolithic membrane bends the stereocilia of the hair cells. d. They are the organs of hearing.arrow_forward
- 1.) The rods absorb light and initiate a neural impulse to the brain when. A.) rhodopsin splits into retinal and opsin thereby stopping the release of an inhibitory neurotransmitter B.) retinal and opsin combine into rhodopsin thereby releasing a stimulatory neurotransmitter C.) iodopsin splits into photopsin and retinal thereby stopping the release of an inhibitory neurotransmitter D.) retinal and photopsin combine into iodopsin thereby releasing a stimulatory neurotransmitter 2.) After a neuronal membrane has become depolarized its resting potential is reestablished when A.) Na^ + diffuse into the neural fibre B.) Na^ + diffuse out the neural fibre. C.) K^ + diffuse into the neural fibre D.) K^ + diffuse out the neural fibre 3.) The middle car chamber is an airfilled in the head"which is adapted to allow free movement of the tympanum as it vibrates. Unless the pressure in the chamber…arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true about rods? a. Rods have a low level of photopigment. b. Rods are concentrated in the fovea. c. Rods adapt slowly to darkness. d. Rods can detect colorarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the contributions of rods and cones to vision is TRUE? A. The three types of cones (long, medium, short) are represented at roughly equal numbers B. Rods respond to light at ultra-violet wavelengths (>600nm) C. The relative density of cones is roughly even throughout the retina D. The greater sensitivity of rods in low light is explained by their larger number E. Several rods converge on a single bipolar cellarrow_forward
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