Chapter 23, Problem 52QAP

Aspartic acid acts as a triprotic acid with successive dissociation constants of $8.0\times {10}^{-3},1.4\times {10}^{-4},$ and $1.5\times {10}^{-10}$ . Depending upon pH, aspartic acid can exist in four different forms in water solution. Draw these forms and calculate the pH range over which each form is the principal species.