Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780321629111
Author: Ronald E. Walpole, Raymond H. Myers, Sharon L. Myers, Keying Ye
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 2.3, Problem 44E
To determine
Find the number of ways can a caravan of 8 covered wagons from Arizona be arranged in a circle.
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A marketing professor has surveyed the students at her university to better understand attitudes towards PPT usage for higher education. To be able to make inferences to the entire student body, the sample drawn needs to represent the university’s student population on all key characteristics. The table below shows the five key student demographic variables. The professor found the breakdown of the overall student body in the university’s fact book posted online.
A non-parametric chi-square test was used to test the sample demographics against the population percentages shown in the table above. Review the output for the five chi-square tests on the following pages and answer the five questions:
Based on the chi-square test, which sample variables adequately represent the university’s student population and which ones do not? Support your answer by providing the p-value of the chi-square test and explaining what it means.
Using the results from Question 1, make recommendation for…
A marketing professor has surveyed the students at her university to better understand attitudes towards PPT usage for higher education. To be able to make inferences to the entire student body, the sample drawn needs to represent the university’s student population on all key characteristics. The table below shows the five key student demographic variables. The professor found the breakdown of the overall student body in the university’s fact book posted online.
A non-parametric chi-square test was used to test the sample demographics against the population percentages shown in the table above. Review the output for the five chi-square tests on the following pages and answer the five questions:
Based on the chi-square test, which sample variables adequately represent the university’s student population and which ones do not? Support your answer by providing the p-value of the chi-square test and explaining what it means.
Using the results from Question 1, make recommendation for…
A retail chain is interested in determining whether a digital video point-of-purchase (POP) display would stimulate higher sales for a brand advertised compared to the standard cardboard point-of-purchase display. To test this, a one-shot static group design experiment was conducted over a four-week period in 100 different stores. Fifty stores were randomly assigned to the control treatment (standard display) and the other 50 stores were randomly assigned to the experimental treatment (digital display). Compare the sales of the control group (standard POP) to the experimental group (digital POP).
What were the average sales for the standard POP display (control group)?
What were the sales for the digital display (experimental group)?
What is the (mean) difference in sales between the experimental group and control group?
List the null hypothesis being tested.
Do you reject or retain the null hypothesis based on the results of the independent t-test?
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists
Ch. 2.2 - List the elements of each of the following sample...Ch. 2.2 - Use the rule method to describe the sample space S...Ch. 2.2 - Which of the following events are equal?
A = {1,...Ch. 2.2 - An experiment involves tossing a pair of dice, one...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 5ECh. 2.2 - Two jurors are selected from 4 alternates to serve...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 7ECh. 2.2 - For the sample space of Exercise 2.4,
list the...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 9ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 10E
Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 11ECh. 2.2 - Exercise and diet are being studied as possible...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 13ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 14ECh. 2.2 - Consider the sample space S = {copper, sodium,...Ch. 2.2 - If S = {x | 0 < x < 12}, M = {x | 1 < x < 9}, and...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 17ECh. 2.2 - Which of the following pairs of events are...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 19ECh. 2.2 - Referring to Exercise 2.19 and the Venn diagram of...Ch. 2.3 - Registrants at a large convention are offered 6...Ch. 2.3 - In a medical study, patients are classified in 8...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 23ECh. 2.3 - Students at a private liberal arts college are...Ch. 2.3 - A certain brand of shoes comes in 5 different...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 26ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 27ECh. 2.3 - A drug for the relief of asthma can be purchased...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 29ECh. 2.3 - In how many different ways can a true-false...Ch. 2.3 - A witness to a hit-and-run accident told the...Ch. 2.3 - In how many ways can 6 people be lined upto get on...Ch. 2.3 - If a multiple-choice test consists of 5 questions,...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 34ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 35ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 36ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 37ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 38ECh. 2.3 - In a regional spelling bee, the 8 finalists...Ch. 2.3 - In how many ways can 5 starting positions on a...Ch. 2.3 - Find the number of ways that 6 teachers can be...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 42ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 43ECh. 2.3 - In how many ways can a caravan of 8 covered wagons...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 45ECh. 2.3 - In how many ways can 3 oaks, 4 pines, and 2 maples...Ch. 2.3 - How many ways are there to select 3 candidates...Ch. 2.3 - How many ways are there that no two students will...Ch. 2.5 - Find the errors in each of the following...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 50ECh. 2.5 - A box contains 500 envelopes, of which 75...Ch. 2.5 - Suppose that in a senior college class of 500...Ch. 2.5 - The probability that an American industry will...Ch. 2.5 - From past experience, a stockbroker believes that...Ch. 2.5 - If each coded item in a catalog begins with 3...Ch. 2.5 - An automobile manufacturer is concerned about a...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 57ECh. 2.5 - A pair of fair dice is tossed. Find the...Ch. 2.5 - In a poker hand consisting of 5 cards, find the...Ch. 2.5 - If 3 books are picked at random from a shelf...Ch. 2.5 - In a high school graduating class of 100 students,...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 62ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 63ECh. 2.5 - Interest centers around the life of an electronic...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 65ECh. 2.5 - Factory workers are constantly encouraged to...Ch. 2.5 - Consider the situation of Example 2.32 on page...Ch. 2.5 - Interest centers around the nature of an oven...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 69ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 70ECh. 2.5 - As the situation of Exercise 2.69 might suggest,...Ch. 2.5 - Prove that
P(A′ ∩ B′) = 1+P(A ∩ B) − P(A) − P(B).
Ch. 2.6 - If R is the event that a convict committed armed...Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 74ECh. 2.6 - A random sample of 200 adults are classified below...Ch. 2.6 - In an experiment to study the relationship of...Ch. 2.6 - In the senior year of a high school graduating...Ch. 2.6 - A manufacturer of a flu vaccine is concerned about...Ch. 2.6 - In USA Today (Sept. 5, 1996), the results of a...Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 80ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 81ECh. 2.6 - For married couples living in a certain suburb,...Ch. 2.6 - The probability that a vehicle entering the Luray...Ch. 2.6 - The probability that the head of a household is...Ch. 2.6 - The probability that a doctor correctly diagnoses...Ch. 2.6 - In 1970, 11% of Americans completed four years of...Ch. 2.6 - A real estate agent has 8 master keys to open...Ch. 2.6 - Before the distribution of certain statistical...Ch. 2.6 - A town has two fire engines operating...Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 90ECh. 2.6 - Find the probability of randomly selecting 4 good...Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 92ECh. 2.6 - A circuit system is given in Figure 2.11. Assume...Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 94ECh. 2.7 - In a certain region of the country it is known...Ch. 2.7 - Police plan to enforce speed limits by using...Ch. 2.7 - Referring to Exercise 2.95, what is the...Ch. 2.7 - If the person in Exercise 2.96 received a speeding...Ch. 2.7 - Suppose that the four inspectors at a film factory...Ch. 2.7 - A regional telephone company operates three...Ch. 2.7 - A paint-store chain produces and sells latex and...Ch. 2.7 - Prob. 102ECh. 2.7 - Prob. 103RECh. 2.7 - An allergist claims that 50% of the patients she...Ch. 2.7 - Prob. 105RECh. 2.7 - Prob. 106RECh. 2.7 - Prob. 107RECh. 2.7 - Prob. 108RECh. 2.7 - A large industrial firm uses three local motels to...Ch. 2.7 - The probability that a patient recovers from a...Ch. 2.7 - Prob. 111RECh. 2.7 - Prob. 112RECh. 2.7 - Prob. 113RECh. 2.7 - Prob. 114RECh. 2.7 - A certain federal agency employs three consulting...Ch. 2.7 - A manufacturer is studying the effects of cooking...Ch. 2.7 - Prob. 117RECh. 2.7 - A certain form of cancer is known to be found in...Ch. 2.7 - A producer of a certain type of electronic...Ch. 2.7 - Prob. 120RECh. 2.7 - Prob. 121RECh. 2.7 - Prob. 122RECh. 2.7 - Prob. 123RECh. 2.7 - Prob. 124RECh. 2.7 - A survey of those using a particular statistical...Ch. 2.7 - During bad economic times, industrial workers are...Ch. 2.7 - There is a 50-50 chance that the queen carries the...
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- What were the average sales for the four weeks prior to the experiment? What were the sales during the four weeks when the stores used the digital display? What is the mean difference in sales between the experimental and regular POP time periods? State the null hypothesis being tested by the paired sample t-test. Do you reject or retain the null hypothesis? At a 95% significance level, was the difference significant? Explain why or why not using the results from the paired sample t-test. Should the manager of the retail chain install new digital displays in each store? Justify your answer.arrow_forwardA retail chain is interested in determining whether a digital video point-of-purchase (POP) display would stimulate higher sales for a brand advertised compared to the standard cardboard point-of-purchase display. To test this, a one-shot static group design experiment was conducted over a four-week period in 100 different stores. Fifty stores were randomly assigned to the control treatment (standard display) and the other 50 stores were randomly assigned to the experimental treatment (digital display). Compare the sales of the control group (standard POP) to the experimental group (digital POP). What were the average sales for the standard POP display (control group)? What were the sales for the digital display (experimental group)? What is the (mean) difference in sales between the experimental group and control group? List the null hypothesis being tested. Do you reject or retain the null hypothesis based on the results of the independent t-test? Was the difference between the…arrow_forwardQuestion 4 An article in Quality Progress (May 2011, pp. 42-48) describes the use of factorial experiments to improve a silver powder production process. This product is used in conductive pastes to manufacture a wide variety of products ranging from silicon wafers to elastic membrane switches. Powder density (g/cm²) and surface area (cm/g) are the two critical characteristics of this product. The experiments involved three factors: reaction temperature, ammonium percentage, stirring rate. Each of these factors had two levels, and the design was replicated twice. The design is shown in Table 3. A222222222222233 Stir Rate (RPM) Ammonium (%) Table 3: Silver Powder Experiment from Exercise 13.23 Temperature (°C) Density Surface Area 100 8 14.68 0.40 100 8 15.18 0.43 30 100 8 15.12 0.42 30 100 17.48 0.41 150 7.54 0.69 150 8 6.66 0.67 30 150 8 12.46 0.52 30 150 8 12.62 0.36 100 40 10.95 0.58 100 40 17.68 0.43 30 100 40 12.65 0.57 30 100 40 15.96 0.54 150 40 8.03 0.68 150 40 8.84 0.75 30 150…arrow_forward
- - + ++ Table 2: Crack Experiment for Exercise 2 A B C D Treatment Combination (1) Replicate I II 7.037 6.376 14.707 15.219 |++++ 1 བྱ॰༤༠སྦྱོ སྦྱོཋཏྟཱུ a b ab 11.635 12.089 17.273 17.815 с ас 10.403 10.151 4.368 4.098 bc abc 9.360 9.253 13.440 12.923 d 8.561 8.951 ad 16.867 17.052 bd 13.876 13.658 abd 19.824 19.639 cd 11.846 12.337 acd 6.125 5.904 bcd 11.190 10.935 abcd 15.653 15.053 Question 3 Continuation of Exercise 2. One of the variables in the experiment described in Exercise 2, heat treatment method (C), is a categorical variable. Assume that the remaining factors are continuous. (a) Write two regression models for predicting crack length, one for each level of the heat treatment method variable. What differences, if any, do you notice in these two equations? (b) Generate appropriate response surface contour plots for the two regression models in part (a). (c) What set of conditions would you recommend for the factors A, B, and D if you use heat treatment method C = +? (d) Repeat…arrow_forwardQuestion 2 A nickel-titanium alloy is used to make components for jet turbine aircraft engines. Cracking is a potentially serious problem in the final part because it can lead to nonrecoverable failure. A test is run at the parts producer to determine the effect of four factors on cracks. The four factors are: pouring temperature (A), titanium content (B), heat treatment method (C), amount of grain refiner used (D). Two replicates of a 24 design are run, and the length of crack (in mm x10-2) induced in a sample coupon subjected to a standard test is measured. The data are shown in Table 2. 1 (a) Estimate the factor effects. Which factor effects appear to be large? (b) Conduct an analysis of variance. Do any of the factors affect cracking? Use a = 0.05. (c) Write down a regression model that can be used to predict crack length as a function of the significant main effects and interactions you have identified in part (b). (d) Analyze the residuals from this experiment. (e) Is there an…arrow_forwardA 24-1 design has been used to investigate the effect of four factors on the resistivity of a silicon wafer. The data from this experiment are shown in Table 4. Table 4: Resistivity Experiment for Exercise 5 Run A B с D Resistivity 1 23 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 I+I+I+I+Oooo 0 0 ||++TI++o000 33.2 4.6 31.2 9.6 40.6 162.4 39.4 158.6 63.4 62.6 58.7 0 0 60.9 3 (a) Estimate the factor effects. Plot the effect estimates on a normal probability scale. (b) Identify a tentative model for this process. Fit the model and test for curvature. (c) Plot the residuals from the model in part (b) versus the predicted resistivity. Is there any indication on this plot of model inadequacy? (d) Construct a normal probability plot of the residuals. Is there any reason to doubt the validity of the normality assumption?arrow_forward
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