EBK ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321888013
Author: Hoehn
Publisher: VST
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Chapter 23, Problem 3CYU
How does the body use triglycerides? Cholesterol?
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The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions.
1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction?
2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe:
a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why?
b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for?
3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale.
4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale.
Mutation 1
Mutation 2
There is currently a H5N1 cattle outbreak in North America.
According to the CDC on Feb 26*: "A multistate outbreak of HPAI A(H5N1) bird flu in dairy cows was first reported on March 25, 2024. This is the first time that these bird flu viruses had been found in cows. In the United States, since 2022, USDA has reported HPAI A(H5N1) virus detections in more than 200 mammals."
List and describe two mechanisms that could lead to this H5N1 influenza strain evolving to spread in human:
Mechanisms 1:
Mechanisms 2:
For the mutations to results in a human epidered they would need to change how the virus interacts with the human host. In the case of mutations that may promote an epidemic, provide an example for:
a protein that might incur a mutation:
how the mutation would change interactions with cells in the respiratory tract (name the receptor on human cells)
List two phenotypic consequence from this mutation that would increase human risk
You have a bacterial strain with the CMU operon:
a) As shown in the image below, the cmu operon encodes a peptide (Pep1), as well as a
kinase and regulator corresponding to a two-component system. The cmu operon is
activated when Pep 1 is added to the growth media.
Pep1 is a peptide that when added extracellularly leads to activation of the Cmu operon.
Pep1 cmu-kinase cmu-regulator
You also have these genetic components in other strains:
b) An alternative sigma factor, with a promoter activated by the cmu-regulator, that control a
series of multiple operons that together encode a transformasome (cellular machinery
for transformation).
c) the gene cl (a repressor).
d) the promoter X, which includes a cl binding site (and in the absence of cl is active).
e) the gene gp (encoding a green fluorescence protein).
Using the cmu operon as a starting point, and assuming you can perform cloning to rearrange
any of these genomic features, how would you use one or more of these to modify the…
Chapter 23 Solutions
EBK ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 23 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 23 - Why is it important to include cellulose in a...Ch. 23 - How does the body use triglycerides? Cholesterol?Ch. 23 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 23 - Prob. 5CYUCh. 23 - Prob. 6CYUCh. 23 - Prob. 7CYUCh. 23 - What is a redox reaction?Ch. 23 - How are anabolism and catabolism linked by ATP?Ch. 23 - What is the energy source for the proton pumps of...
Ch. 23 - Briefly, how do substrate-level and oxidative...Ch. 23 - What happens in glycolysis if oxygen and pyruvic...Ch. 23 - 13. What two major kinds of chemical reactions...Ch. 23 - What name is given to the chemical reaction in...Ch. 23 - Prob. 15CYUCh. 23 - Prob. 16CYUCh. 23 - Prob. 17CYUCh. 23 - What are the products of beta oxidation?Ch. 23 - Prob. 19CYUCh. 23 - Prob. 20CYUCh. 23 - Which three organs or tissues are the primary...Ch. 23 - Prob. 22CYUCh. 23 - Which hormone is glucagons main antagonist?Ch. 23 - Which event increases both glucagon and insulin...Ch. 23 - Prob. 25CYUCh. 23 - Prob. 28CYUCh. 23 - What is the most important long-term regulator of...Ch. 23 - Prob. 30CYUCh. 23 - Prob. 31CYUCh. 23 - Prob. 32CYUCh. 23 - Prob. 33CYUCh. 23 - Prob. 34CYUCh. 23 - Prob. 26CYUCh. 23 - Prob. 27CYUCh. 23 - Which of the following reactions would liberate...Ch. 23 - The formation of glucose from glycogen is (a)...Ch. 23 - The net gain of ATP from the complete metabolism...Ch. 23 - Which of the following best defines cellular...Ch. 23 - What is formed during aerobic respiration when...Ch. 23 - Prob. 6RQCh. 23 - Prob. 7RQCh. 23 - Which of the following is not a function of the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9RQCh. 23 - A person has been on a hunger strike for seven...Ch. 23 - Transamination is a chemical process by which (a)...Ch. 23 - Three days after removing the pancreas from an...Ch. 23 - Hunger, appetite, obesity, and physical activity...Ch. 23 - Prob. 14RQCh. 23 - Which of the following yields the greatest caloric...Ch. 23 - What is cellular respiration? What is the common...Ch. 23 - Describe the site, major events, and outcomes of...Ch. 23 - Pyruvic acid is a product of glycolysis, but it is...Ch. 23 - Prob. 19RQCh. 23 - Prob. 20RQCh. 23 - Prob. 21RQCh. 23 - Prob. 22RQCh. 23 - Prob. 23RQCh. 23 - What is meant by body energy balance, and what...Ch. 23 - Explain the effect of the following on metabolic...Ch. 23 - Prob. 26RQCh. 23 - Prob. 27RQCh. 23 -
Kyle Boulard, a 35-year-old male, is believed to...Ch. 23 - Kyle Boulard, a 35-year-old male, is believed to...Ch. 23 - Kyle Boulard, a 35-year-old male, is believed to...Ch. 23 - Kyle Boulard, a 35-year-old male, is believed to...Ch. 23 - Kyle Boulard, a 35-year-old male, is believed to...
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- You have identified a new species of a Gram-positive bacteria. You would like to screen their genome for all proteins that are covalently linked to the cell wall. You have annotated the genome, so that you identified all the promoters, operons, and genes sequences within the operons. Using these features, what would you screen for to identify a set of candidates for proteins covalently linked to the bacterial cell wall.arrow_forwardBelow is a diagram from a genomic locus of a bacterial genome. Each arrow represents a coding region, and the arrowheads indicate its orientation in the genome. The numbers are randomly assigned. Draw the following features on the diagram, and explain your rationale for each feature: 10 12 合會會會會長 6 a) Expected transcriptions, based on known properties of bacterial genes and operons. How many proteins are encoded in each of the transcripts? b) Location of promoters (include rationale) c) Location of transcriptional terminators (include rationale) d) Locations of Shine-Dalgarno sequences (include rationale)arrow_forwardSample excuse letter in school class for the reasons of headaches and dysmenorrhea caused by menstrual cyclearrow_forward
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